小柯机器人

德国海德堡大学Bruce A. Edgar和德国癌症研究中心Aurelio A. Teleman研究组合作发现，果蝇卵巢到肠内类固醇信号转导引起适应权衡。这一研究成果于2020年7月6日在线发表在《自然》上。

研究人员发现，果蝇从卵巢到肠道的类固醇信号转导，特别是在已交配的雌性动物中促进了肠道的生长，并增强了它们的生殖能力。果蝇活跃的卵巢产生类固醇激素蜕皮激素，它通过类固醇受体EcR和Usp及其下游靶点Broad、Eip75B和Hr3刺激肠道干细胞在两个不同的增殖期分裂和扩增。尽管蜕皮激素依赖的雌性肠上皮细胞生长增加了繁殖力，但更活跃和更多的肠道干细胞也增加了雌性年龄依赖性肠异型增生和肿瘤发生的敏感度，从而潜在地降低了寿命。

这项工作揭示了当器官间信号改变干细胞行为以优化器官大小时发生了适应性状的权衡。

据悉，性二态性是由雄性和雌性细胞之间的遗传差异以及全身性激素差异引起的。人们对性激素如何影响非生殖器官的了解很少，但鉴于许多疾病存在性别差异，这与健康高度相关。

附：英文原文

Title: Fitness trade-offs incurred by ovary-to-gut steroid signalling in Drosophila

Author: Sara Mahmoud H. Ahmed, Julieta A. Maldera, Damir Krunic, Gabriela O. Paiva-Silva, Clothilde Pnalva, Aurelio A. Teleman, Bruce A. Edgar

Issue&Volume: 2020-07-08

Abstract: Sexual dimorphism arises from genetic differences between male and female cells, and from systemic hormonal differences1,2,3. How sex hormones affect non-reproductive organs is poorly understood, yet highly relevant to health given the sex-biased incidence of many diseases4. Here we report that steroid signalling in Drosophila from the ovaries to the gut promotes growth of the intestine specifically in mated females, and enhances their reproductive output. The active ovaries of the fly produce the steroid hormone ecdysone, which stimulates the division and expansion of intestinal stem cells in two distinct proliferative phases via the steroid receptors EcR and Usp and their downstream targets Broad, Eip75B and Hr3. Although ecdysone-dependent growth of the female gut augments fecundity, the more active and more numerous intestinal stem cells also increase female susceptibility to age-dependent gut dysplasia and tumorigenesis, thus potentially reducing lifespan. This work highlights the trade-offs in fitness traits that occur when inter-organ signalling alters stem-cell behaviour to optimize organ size.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2462-y

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2462-y

Nature：《自然》，创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：69.504
官方网址：http://www.nature.com/
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