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研究揭示端粒危机中染色体碎裂和染色体暴变的产生机制
2020-07-29 22:29

美国洛克菲勒大学Titia de Lange等研究人员合作揭示了端粒危机中染色体碎裂和染色体暴变的产生机制。相关论文于2020年7月27日在线发表在《自然—遗传学》杂志上。

研究人员通过使用体外的端粒危机模型来检查了潜在的染色体碎裂和染色体暴变机制。研究人员发现,胞质核酸外切酶TREX1促进了双着丝粒染色体缓解,这在染色质碎裂中起着重要作用。在没有TREX1的情况下,端粒危机引起的基因组改变主要涉及断裂-融合-桥接循环以及简单的基因组重排,而不是染色体碎裂。

此外,研究人员表明,在染色体断裂点观察到的染色体暴变是APOBEC3B胞嘧啶脱氨的结果。这些数据表明,TREX1产生的溶核处理与APOBEC3B介导的胞嘧啶编辑,共同引起了染色体碎裂和染色体暴变。

据了解,在癌症中经常观察到的染色体碎裂和染色体暴变可能是由端粒危机引起的,即端粒储备耗尽产生不稳定的双着丝粒染色体时,在肿瘤发生期间的基因组不稳定时期。

附:英文原文

Title: APOBEC3-dependent kataegis and TREX1-driven chromothripsis during telomere crisis

Author: John Maciejowski, Aikaterini Chatzipli, Alexandra Dananberg, Kevan Chu, Eleonore Toufektchan, Leszek J. Klimczak, Dmitry A. Gordenin, Peter J. Campbell, Titia de Lange

Issue&Volume: 2020-07-27

Abstract: Chromothripsis and kataegis are frequently observed in cancer and may arise from telomere crisis, a period of genome instability during tumorigenesis when depletion of the telomere reserve generates unstable dicentric chromosomes1,2,3,4,5. Here we examine the mechanism underlying chromothripsis and kataegis by using an in vitro telomere crisis model. We show that the cytoplasmic exonuclease TREX1, which promotes the resolution of dicentric chromosomes4, plays a prominent role in chromothriptic fragmentation. In the absence of TREX1, the genome alterations induced by telomere crisis primarily involve breakage–fusion–bridge cycles and simple genome rearrangements rather than chromothripsis. Furthermore, we show that the kataegis observed at chromothriptic breakpoints is the consequence of cytosine deamination by APOBEC3B. These data reveal that chromothripsis and kataegis arise from a combination of nucleolytic processing by TREX1 and cytosine editing by APOBEC3B.

DOI: 10.1038/s41588-020-0667-5

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-020-0667-5

Nature Genetics:《自然—遗传学》,创刊于1992年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团,最新IF:41.307
官方网址:https://www.nature.com/ng/
投稿链接:https://mts-ng.nature.com/cgi-bin/main.plex


本期文章:《自然—遗传学》:Online/在线发表

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