小柯机器人

科学家揭示注意力减退对记忆的影响
2020-10-30 14:38
来源：小柯机器人

美国斯坦福大学Anthony D. Wagner、Kevin P. Madore等研究人员合作揭示注意力减退对记忆的影响。该研究于2020年10月28日在线发表于国际一流学术期刊《自然》。

研究人员表示，随着数字媒体和技术的爆炸式增长，学者、教育者和公众越来越多地关注“注意力经济”在我们生活中的作用。当前数字文化的兴起与长期存在的科学问题相吻合，这些科学问题涉及人类为何有时会记忆，有时会忘记以及为什么有些人比其他人记忆得更好。
 
研究人员检测了自发的注意力是否会衰退，以及是否与记忆力存在负相关。脑电图和瞳孔测量法检测的注意力被记录下来，在实验中，八十名年轻人（平均年龄，21.7岁）执行了目标定向的情节编码和检索任务。使用基于任务的和问卷调查的方法可进一步量化持续注意力。研究人员发现，通过后验α功率和瞳孔直径测定的，在记忆前一刻，注意力的丢失与目标编码和记忆的神经信号减少以及行为遗忘相关。注意力下降一定程度上解释了为什么我们此刻会记得或忘记，以及为什么有些人比其他人记忆更好。更为繁重的媒体多任务处理会导致注意力的衰退和遗忘。
 
附：英文原文

Title: Memory failure predicted by attention lapsing and media multitasking

Author: Kevin P. Madore, Anna M. Khazenzon, Cameron W. Backes, Jiefeng Jiang, Melina R. Uncapher, Anthony M. Norcia, Anthony D. Wagner

Issue&Volume: 2020-10-28

Abstract: With the explosion of digital media and technologies, scholars, educators and the public have become increasingly vocal about the role that an ‘attention economy’ has in our lives1. The rise of the current digital culture coincides with longstanding scientific questions about why humans sometimes remember and sometimes forget, and why some individuals remember better than others2,3,4,5,6. Here we examine whether spontaneous attention lapses—in the moment7,8,9,10,11,12, across individuals13,14,15 and as a function of everyday media multitasking16,17,18,19—negatively correlate with remembering. Electroencephalography and pupillometry measures of attention20,21 were recorded as eighty young adults (mean age, 21.7 years) performed a goal-directed episodic encoding and retrieval task22. Trait-level sustained attention was further quantified using task-based23 and questionnaire measures24,25. Using trial-to-trial retrieval data, we show that tonic lapses in attention in the moment before remembering, assayed by posterior alpha power and pupil diameter, were correlated with reductions in neural signals of goal coding and memory, along with behavioural forgetting. Independent measures of trait-level attention lapsing mediated the relationship between neural assays of lapsing and memory performance, and between media multitasking and memory. Attention lapses partially account for why we remember or forget in the moment, and why some individuals remember better than others. Heavier media multitasking is associated with a propensity to have attention lapses and forget.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2870-z

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2870-z

Nature：《自然》，创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：69.504
官方网址：http://www.nature.com/
投稿链接：http://www.nature.com/authors/submit_manuscript.html


本期文章：《自然》：Online/在线发表

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