小柯机器人

美国华盛顿大学医学院Brian S. Kim课题组提出嗜碱性神经元轴促进瘙痒。相关论文于2021年1月14日发表于国际顶尖学术期刊《细胞》杂志上。

他们确定了大部分的特应性皮炎（AD）患者都带有过敏原特异性免疫球蛋白E（IgE），并表现出急性瘙痒发作的倾向。在小鼠中，尽管稳定状态下肥大细胞-组胺轴介导了变应原诱发的急性瘙痒，但与AD相关的炎症使该途径变得可有可无。取而代之的是，以前无法识别的嗜碱性白三烯（LT）轴对急性瘙痒发作至关重要。通过探究基本的瘙痒机制，他们的研究突出了可能是多种神经免疫过程基础的嗜碱性-神经元回路。

据介绍，瘙痒是一种进化上保守的感觉，有助于从皮肤排出病原体和有害刺激。但是，在器官衰竭、癌症和慢性炎症性疾病（如AD）中，瘙痒会变得慢性、顽固和使人衰弱。除了慢性瘙痒，患者还经常经历剧烈的急性瘙痒加重。最近的发现发掘了瘙痒的神经免疫回路，从而导致了抗瘙痒治疗的发展。然而，急性瘙痒加重的潜在机制仍被忽视。

附：英文原文

Title: A basophil-neuronal axis promotes itch

Author: Fang Wang, Anna M. Trier, Fengxian Li, Seonyoung Kim, Zhen Chen, Jiani N. Chai, Madison R. Mack, Stephanie A. Morrison, Jennifer D. Hamilton, Jinok Baek, Ting-Lin B. Yang, Aaron M. Ver Heul, Amy Z. Xu, Zili Xie, Xintong Dong, Masato Kubo, Hongzhen Hu, Chyi-Song Hsieh, Xinzhong Dong, Qin Liu, David J. Margolis, Marius Ardeleanu, Mark J. Miller, Brian S. Kim

Issue&Volume: 2021-01-14

Abstract: Itch is an evolutionarily conserved sensation that facilitates expulsion of pathogensand noxious stimuli from the skin. However, in organ failure, cancer, and chronicinflammatory disorders such as atopic dermatitis (AD), itch becomes chronic, intractable,and debilitating. In addition to chronic itch, patients often experience intense acuteitch exacerbations. Recent discoveries have unearthed the neuroimmune circuitry ofitch, leading to the development of anti-itch treatments. However, mechanisms underlyingacute itch exacerbations remain overlooked. Herein, we identify that a large proportionof patients with AD harbor allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and exhibit apropensity for acute itch flares. In mice, while allergen-provoked acute itch is mediatedby the mast cell-histamine axis in steady state, AD-associated inflammation rendersthis pathway dispensable. Instead, a previously unrecognized basophil-leukotriene(LT) axis emerges as critical for acute itch flares. By probing fundamental itch mechanisms,our study highlights a basophil-neuronal circuit that may underlie a variety of neuroimmuneprocesses.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.12.033

Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(20)31755-4