小柯机器人

美国MGH的拉根研究所Alejandro B. Balazs团队发现，多种SARS-CoV-2变体可逃逸疫苗诱导的体液免疫。相关论文于2021年3月15日在线发表于国际学术期刊《细胞》。

研究人员表示，疫苗接种引起能够有效中和SARS-CoV-2的免疫反应。但是，目前的研究显示，带有突刺蛋白突变的变体已经出现，而突刺蛋白是中和抗体的主要靶标。

为了了解这些变体的影响，研究人员在99名接受一剂或两剂BNT162b2或mRNA-1273疫苗的个体中，评估了对10种具有全球传播代表性的SARS-CoV-2株伪病毒的中和潜能。具有受体结合结构域突变的5种伪病毒（包括K417N/T、E484K和N501Y）对中和具有高度抗性。B.1.351变体的交叉中和作用与SARS-CoV和蝙蝠来源的WIV1-CoV相当，这表明相对少量的突变可以介导有效的疫苗反应逃逸。

尽管中和抗药性的临床影响仍不确定，但这些结果突出了变体摆脱中和体液免疫的潜力，并强调需要针对发展中的大流行制定广泛的保护性干预措施。 

附：英文原文

Title: Multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants escape neutralization by vaccine-induced humoral immunity

Author: Wilfredo F. Garcia-Beltran, Evan C. Lam, Kerri St. Denis, Adam D. Nitido, Zeidy H. Garcia, Blake M. Hauser, Jared Feldman, Maia N. Pavlovic, David J. Gregory, Mark C. Poznansky, Alex Sigal, Aaron G. Schmidt, A. John Iafrate, Vivek Naranbhai, Alejandro B. Balazs

Issue&Volume: 2021-03-12

Abstract: Vaccination elicits immune responses capable of potently neutralizing SARS-CoV-2. However, ongoing surveillance has revealed the emergence of variants harboring mutations in spike, the main target of neutralizing antibodies. To understand the impact of these variants, we evaluated the neutralization potency of 99 individuals that received one or two doses of either BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccines against pseudoviruses representing 10 globally circulating strains of SARS-CoV-2. Five of the 10 pseudoviruses, harboring receptor-binding domain mutations, including K417N/T, E484K, and N501Y, were highly resistant to neutralization. Cross-neutralization of B.1.351 variants was comparable to SARS-CoV and bat-derived WIV1-CoV, suggesting that a relatively small number of mutations can mediate potent escape from vaccine responses. While the clinical impact of neutralization resistance remains uncertain, these results highlight the potential for variants to escape from neutralizing humoral immunity and emphasize the need to develop broadly protective interventions against the evolving pandemic.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.013

Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(21)00298-1