美国华盛顿国家地理学会Enric Sala团队呼吁为生物多样性、粮食和气候变化而保护全球海洋。这一研究成果发表在2021年3月17日出版的《自然》杂志上。
他们开发了一个保护计划框架，以优先考虑那些在当今和将来会带来多重收益地方的受高度保护海洋保护区（MPA）。他们发现，通过保护生物多样性，增加渔业产量并确保受到人类活动威胁的海洋碳储量，大幅增加海洋保护可能会带来三重好处。
他们的结果表明，大多数沿海国家都拥有可以为实现生物多样性保护、粮食供应和碳储存这三个目标做出重大贡献的优先领域。在全球范围内协调工作的效率几乎是未协调国家级保护计划的两倍。灵活的优先排序框架可以帮助为国家海洋空间计划和海洋保护、粮食安全与气候行动的全球目标提供信息。
据介绍，海洋拥有独特的生物多样性，提供了宝贵的粮食资源，是人为碳的主要汇聚区。MPA是恢复海洋生物多样性和生态系统服务的有效工具，但目前只有2.7％的海洋受到高度保护。如此低的海洋保护水平很大程度上是由于与渔业和其他采掘用途的冲突。
附：英文原文
Title: Protecting the global ocean for biodiversity, food and climate
Author: Enric Sala, Juan Mayorga, Darcy Bradley, Reniel B. Cabral, Trisha B. Atwood, Arnaud Auber, William Cheung, Christopher Costello, Francesco Ferretti, Alan M. Friedlander, Steven D. Gaines, Cristina Garilao, Whitney Goodell, Benjamin S. Halpern, Audra Hinson, Kristin Kaschner, Kathleen Kesner-Reyes, Fabien Leprieur, Jennifer McGowan, Lance E. Morgan, David Mouillot, Juliano Palacios-Abrantes, Hugh P. Possingham, Kristin D. Rechberger, Boris Worm, Jane Lubchenco
Issue&Volume: 2021-03-17
Abstract: The ocean contains unique biodiversity, provides valuable food resources and is a major sink for anthropogenic carbon. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are an effective tool for restoring ocean biodiversity and ecosystem services1,2, but at present only 2.7% of the ocean is highly protected3. This low level of ocean protection is due largely to conflicts with fisheries and other extractive uses. To address this issue, here we developed a conservation planning framework to prioritize highly protected MPAs in places that would result in multiple benefits today and in the future. We find that a substantial increase in ocean protection could have triple benefits, by protecting biodiversity, boosting the yield of fisheries and securing marine carbon stocks that are at risk from human activities. Our results show that most coastal nations contain priority areas that can contribute substantially to achieving these three objectives of biodiversity protection, food provision and carbon storage. A globally coordinated effort could be nearly twice as efficient as uncoordinated, national-level conservation planning. Our flexible prioritization framework could help to inform both national marine spatial plans4 and global targets for marine conservation, food security and climate action.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03371-z
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03371-z
Nature：《自然》，创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：69.504
官方网址：http://www.nature.com/
投稿链接：http://www.nature.com/authors/submit_manuscript.html
本期文章：《自然》：Online/在线发表
