小柯机器人

德国马克斯·普朗克进化人类学研究所Svante Pbo、Mateja Hajdinjak研究组在研究中取得进展。他们发现起始于欧洲旧石器时代晚期的人类具有尼安德特人血统。2021年4月7日，国际学术期刊《自然》在线发表了这一成果。

在本研究中，研究人员揭示了保加利亚Bacho Kiro Cave三个个体的全基因组数据，这些数据可追溯到45,930至42,580年前。他们是迄今为止在欧洲发现的最早的旧石器时代晚期的现代人类，并与最初旧石器时代的文物有关。与之前研究的对后来人口没有明显贡献的两个年龄相似的罗马尼亚和西伯利亚个体不同，这些人与东亚和美洲当今和古代人口更紧密地相关，而非与后来欧亚西部人相关。这表明他们是迁徙到欧洲的现代人类，这在遗传记录中是前所未知的，研究证据表明欧洲最早的现代人类和后来欧亚大陆之间至少存在某种连续性。

此外，研究发现这三个人的家族史中都有尼安德特人的祖先，这证实了早期欧洲现代人与尼安德特人的融合，并暗示这种融合本是普遍存在的。

据介绍，早在45,000年前欧洲就已出现现代人类，但大约在40,000年前，它们与尼安德特人的交流就消失了，并且他们与非洲以外现代人更广泛扩张之间的关系是未知的。

附：英文原文

Title: Initial Upper Palaeolithic humans in Europe had recent Neanderthal ancestry

Author: Mateja Hajdinjak, Fabrizio Mafessoni, Laurits Skov, Benjamin Vernot, Alexander Hbner, Qiaomei Fu, Elena Essel, Sarah Nagel, Birgit Nickel, Julia Richter, Oana Teodora Moldovan, Silviu Constantin, Elena Endarova, Nikolay Zahariev, Rosen Spasov, Frido Welker, Geoff M. Smith, Virginie Sinet-Mathiot, Lindsey Paskulin, Helen Fewlass, Sahra Talamo, Zeljko Rezek, Svoboda Sirakova, Nikolay Sirakov, Shannon P. McPherron, Tsenka Tsanova, Jean-Jacques Hublin, Benjamin M. Peter, Matthias Meyer, Pontus Skoglund, Janet Kelso, Svante Pbo

Issue&Volume: 2021-04-07

Abstract: Modern humans appeared in Europe by at least 45,000 years ago1,2,3,4,5, but the extent of their interactions with Neanderthals, who disappeared by about 40,000 years ago6, and their relationship to the broader expansion of modern humans outside Africa are poorly understood. Here we present genome-wide data from three individuals dated to between 45,930 and 42,580 years ago from Bacho Kiro Cave, Bulgaria1,2. They are the earliest Late Pleistocene modern humans known to have been recovered in Europe so far, and were found in association with an Initial Upper Palaeolithic artefact assemblage. Unlike two previously studied individuals of similar ages from Romania7 and Siberia8 who did not contribute detectably to later populations, these individuals are more closely related to present-day and ancient populations in East Asia and the Americas than to later west Eurasian populations. This indicates that they belonged to a modern human migration into Europe that was not previously known from the genetic record, and provides evidence that there was at least some continuity between the earliest modern humans in Europe and later people in Eurasia. Moreover, we find that all three individuals had Neanderthal ancestors a few generations back in their family history, confirming that the first European modern humans mixed with Neanderthals and suggesting that such mixing could have been common.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03335-3

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03335-3

Nature：《自然》，创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：69.504
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