小柯机器人

美国霍华德·休斯医学院Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz研究组取得最新进展啊。他们发现通过从内质网（ER）延伸而来的交织管状网络可将ER转化为高尔基体。该研究于2021年4月13日发表于国际一流学术期刊《细胞》杂志上。

他们提供全细胞分辨率、聚焦离子束扫描电子显微镜的各向同性分辨率和精确蛋白质定位的哺乳动物细胞早期分泌区室的动态3D视图，该显微镜带有冷冻结构照明显微镜和活细胞同步货物释放方法。ER不仅产生单独的囊泡，还产生了一个复杂的、相互交织的、连续的脂质双层（ER出口位点）的管状网络，用于蛋白质输出。该容器能够沿微管延伸微米，同时仍通过细颈连接到ER。COPII定位在该颈部区域，并动态地调节从ER进入的货物，而COPI则向远侧起作用，在通过微管定向运动加入高尔基体装置的途中，护送分离的、加速的管状实体。

据悉，细胞的多功能性取决于将各种蛋白质准确运输到细胞器的目的地。对于分泌途径（紧随其后的是所有蛋白质的30％），尚不清楚进行第一次转运（向高尔基体的ER）的血管的物理性质。

附：英文原文

Title: ER-to-Golgi protein delivery through an interwoven, tubular network extending from ER

Author: Aubrey V. Weigel, Chi-Lun Chang, Gleb Shtengel, C. Shan Xu, David P. Hoffman, Melanie Freeman, Nirmala Iyer, Jesse Aaron, Satya Khuon, John Bogovic, Wei Qiu, Harald F. Hess, Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz

Issue&Volume: 2021-04-13

Abstract: Cellular versatility depends on accurate trafficking of diverse proteins to theirorganellar destinations. For the secretory pathway (followed by approximately 30%of all proteins), the physical nature of the vessel conducting the first portage (endoplasmicreticulum [ER] to Golgi apparatus) is unclear. We provide a dynamic 3D view of earlysecretory compartments in mammalian cells with isotropic resolution and precise proteinlocalization using whole-cell, focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy withcryo-structured illumination microscopy and live-cell synchronized cargo release approaches.Rather than vesicles alone, the ER spawns an elaborate, interwoven tubular networkof contiguous lipid bilayers (ER exit site) for protein export. This receptacle iscapable of extending microns along microtubules while still connected to the ER bya thin neck. COPII localizes to this neck region and dynamically regulates cargo entryfrom the ER, while COPI acts more distally, escorting the detached, accelerating tubularentity on its way to joining the Golgi apparatus through microtubule-directed movement.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.035

Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(21)00366-4