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澳大利亚莫纳什大学Stephanie Gras、昆士兰大学Corey Smith等研究人员合作发现，CD8⁺T细胞特异性识别一种SARS-CoV-2核衣壳的免疫显性表位。这一研究成果于2021年4月14日在线发表在国际学术期刊《免疫》上。

研究人员通过筛选SARS-CoV-2肽库发现，核衣壳（N）蛋白在HLA-B7⁺COVID-19恢复的患者中诱导了免疫显性反应，这在未暴露的供体中也可以检测到。在流行的冠状病毒中高度保守的单个N编码表位推动了这种免疫优势反应。体外肽刺激和晶体结构分析显示，由于不同的肽构象，T细胞介导对OC43和HKU-1β冠状病毒的交叉反应，但对229E或NL63α冠状病毒没有交叉反应。TCR测序表明交叉反应性是由少部分的T细胞受体库所驱动，并带有TRBV27偏向和较长的CDR3β环。

总之，这些发现证明了选择性T细胞交叉反应的基础，这些反应能够针对季节性SARS-CoV-2免疫表位及其季节性冠状病毒同源物，并提示了长期的保护性免疫 。

据了解，全球正在努力了解SARS-CoV-2的免疫反应，包括T细胞免疫的影响以及与季节性冠状病毒的交叉识别。

附：英文原文

Title: CD8+ T cells specific for an immunodominant SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid epitope cross-react with selective seasonal coronaviruses

Author: Katie E. Lineburg, Emma J. Grant, Srividhya Swaminathan, Demetra S.M. Chatzileontiadou, Christopher Szeto, Hannah Sloane, Archana Panikkar, Jyothy Raju, Pauline Crooks, Sweera Rehan, Andrea T. Nguyen, Lea Lekieffre, Michelle A. Neller, Zhen Wei Marcus Tong, Dhilshan Jayasinghe, Keng Yih Chew, Christian A. Lobos, Hanim Halim, Jacqueline M. Burrows, Alan Riboldi-Tunnicliffe, Weisan Chen, Lloyd D’Orsogna, Rajiv Khanna, Kirsty R. Short, Corey Smith, Stephanie Gras

Issue&Volume: 2021-04-13

Abstract: Efforts are being made worldwide to understand the immune response to SARS-CoV-2,the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, including the impact of T cell immunityand cross-recognition with seasonal coronaviruses. Screening SARS-CoV-2 peptide poolsrevealed that the nucleocapsid (N) protein induced an immunodominant response in HLA-B7+ COVID-19-recovered individuals that was also detectable in unexposed donors. A singleN-encoded epitope that was highly conserved across circulating coronaviruses drovethis immunodominant response. In vitro peptide stimulation and crystal structure analyses revealed T cell-mediated cross-reactivitytowards circulating OC43 and HKU-1 beta coronaviruses, but not 229E or NL63 alphacoronaviruses, due to different peptide conformations. TCR sequencing indicated cross-reactivitywas driven by private T cell receptor repertoires with a bias for TRBV27 and a longCDR3β loop. Together, our findings demonstrate the basis of selective T cell cross-reactivitytowards an immunodominant SARS-CoV-2 epitope and its homologues from seasonal coronaviruses,suggesting long-lived protective immunity.

DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.04.006

Source: https://www.cell.com/immunity/fulltext/S1074-7613(21)00168-0

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