研究人员使用极低热量饮食进行了一项随机人类干预研究（NCT01105143）。虽然代谢健康得到改善，但严格的卡路里限制导致细菌丰度下降和肠道微生物组重组。与接受饮食前微生物群的小鼠相比，将饮食后微生物群移植到小鼠中可降低其体重和肥胖。体重减轻与艰难梭菌的营养吸收和富集受损有关，这与胆汁酸的减少一致，并且能够以毒素依赖性方式在小鼠中复制代谢表型。
这些结果强调了饮食-微生物组相互作用在调节宿主能量平衡方面的重要性，以及需要了解饮食在致病共生体和有益共生体之间相互作用中的贡献。
据悉，饮食是塑造肠道微生物组的主要因素，但饮食诱导的微生物组变化对宿主病理生理学的影响仍然知之甚少。
附：英文原文
Title: Caloric restriction disrupts the microbiota and colonization resistance
Author: Reiner Jumpertz von Schwartzenberg, Jordan E. Bisanz, Svetlana Lyalina, Peter Spanogiannopoulos, Qi Yan Ang, Jingwei Cai, Sophia Dickmann, Marie Friedrich, Su-Yang Liu, Stephanie L. Collins, Danielle Ingebrigtsen, Steve Miller, Jessie A. Turnbaugh, Andrew D. Patterson, Katherine S. Pollard, Knut Mai, Joachim Spranger, Peter J. Turnbaugh
Issue&Volume: 2021-06-23
Abstract: Diet is a major factor that shapes the gut microbiome1, but the consequences of diet-induced changes in the microbiome for host pathophysiology remain poorly understood. We conducted a randomized human intervention study using a very-low-calorie diet (NCT01105143). Although metabolic health was improved, severe calorie restriction led to a decrease in bacterial abundance and restructuring of the gut microbiome. Transplantation of post-diet microbiota to mice decreased their body weight and adiposity relative to mice that received pre-diet microbiota. Weight loss was associated with impaired nutrient absorption and enrichment in Clostridioides difficile, which was consistent with a decrease in bile acids and was sufficient to replicate metabolic phenotypes in mice in a toxin-dependent manner. These results emphasize the importance of diet–microbiome interactions in modulating host energy balance and the need to understand the role of diet in the interplay between pathogenic and beneficial symbionts.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03663-4
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03663-4
Nature：《自然》，创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：69.504
官方网址：http://www.nature.com/
投稿链接：http://www.nature.com/authors/submit_manuscript.html
本期文章：《自然》：Online/在线发表
