小柯机器人

美国基因泰克公司Heinrich Jasper小组发现，肠道细胞因子通过胶质细胞的代谢重编程调节嗅觉。该研究于2021年7月21日在线发表于国际一流学术期刊《自然》。

研究人员发现，果蝇的肠道感染可以通过对触角叶胶质细胞的代谢重编程来调节嗅觉。感染诱导的肠道内细胞因子表达激活了胶质的JAK-STAT信号，诱导了胶质单羧酸转运体和载脂蛋白胶质lazarillo（GLaz）的表达，并影响了触角叶胶质和神经元的代谢耦合。这调节了嗅觉辨别能力，促进了对带菌食物的回避，并增加了果蝇的生存能力。虽然在年轻的果蝇中是短暂的，但由于与年龄有关的肠道炎症，肠道诱导的胶质代谢重编程在老年果蝇中成为组成性的，这导致了与年龄有关的嗅觉辨别力下降。

这些研究结果表明，肠道来源细胞因子引起的适应性胶质代谢重编程是导致衰老果蝇感官系统持久变化的一种机制。

据了解，感染引起的肠道病原体排斥是一种保守的疾病行为，可以促进宿主的生存。这种行为的病因学仍然不甚明了，但对果蝇的研究已将嗅觉和味觉感知与对有毒微生物的回避行为联系起来。肠道感染是否以及如何直接影响感官知觉来诱发或调节这种行为仍是未知数。

附：英文原文

Title: Gut cytokines modulate olfaction through metabolic reprogramming of glia

Author: Xiaoyu Tracy Cai, Hongjie Li, Martin Borch Jensen, Elie Maksoud, Jovencio Borneo, Yuxin Liang, Stephen R. Quake, Liqun Luo, Pejmun Haghighi, Heinrich Jasper

Issue&Volume: 2021-07-21

Abstract: Infection-induced aversion against enteropathogens is a conserved sickness behaviour that can promote host survival1,2. The aetiology of this behaviour remains poorly understood, but studies in Drosophila have linked olfactory and gustatory perception to avoidance behaviours against toxic microorganisms3,4,5. Whether and how enteric infections directly influence sensory perception to induce or modulate such behaviours remains unknown. Here we show that enteropathogen infection in Drosophila can modulate olfaction through metabolic reprogramming of ensheathing glia of the antennal lobe. Infection-induced unpaired cytokine expression in the intestine activates JAK–STAT signalling in ensheathing glia, inducing the expression of glial monocarboxylate transporters and the apolipoprotein glial lazarillo (GLaz), and affecting metabolic coupling of glia and neurons at the antennal lobe. This modulates olfactory discrimination, promotes the avoidance of bacteria-laced food and increases fly survival. Although transient in young flies, gut-induced metabolic reprogramming of ensheathing glia becomes constitutive in old flies owing to age-related intestinal inflammation, which contributes to an age-related decline in olfactory discrimination. Our findings identify adaptive glial metabolic reprogramming by gut-derived cytokines as a mechanism that causes lasting changes in a sensory system in ageing flies.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03756-0

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03756-0

Nature：《自然》，创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：69.504
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