小柯机器人

澳大利亚格里菲斯大学Adam Brumm等研究人员合作发现华莱士地区一个全新世中期狩猎采集者的基因组。相关论文于2021年8月25日发表于国际学术期刊《自然》。

研究人员表示，东南亚地区早期现代人类的人口历史仍有许多未知数，那里的考古记录稀少，热带气候不利于古人类DNA的保存。到目前为止，这个地区只有两个低覆盖率的新石器时代前人类基因组被测序。两者都是来自大陆的Hòabìnhian狩猎采集者遗址：老挝的Pha Faen，日期为距今7939-7751校准年（yr cal BP；从公元1950年开始算），以及马来西亚的Gua Cha（4.4-4.2 kyr cal BP）。

研究人员报告了第一个来自华莱士地区的古人类基因组，华莱士是位于巽他大陆架（包括东南亚大陆和印度尼西亚西部的大陆岛屿）和更新世的Sahul（澳大利亚-新几内亚）之间的海洋岛屿区。研究人员从印度尼西亚南苏拉威西Leang Panninge石灰岩洞穴中埋藏的一名年轻女性狩猎采集者的岩骨中提取了DNA，该岩骨在公元前7.3-7.2kyr cal。

遗传分析表明，这个与"Toalean"有关的新石器时代前的觅食者，与今天的巴布亚人和澳大利亚土著群体有着大部分的遗传漂移和形态相似性，但却代表着一个以前未知的人类血统，该血统在大约37,000年前这些人群之间的分裂时期分支出来。研究人员还描述了Leang Panninge基因组中的丹尼索瓦人和亚洲相关的祖先，并推断他们今天从该地区大规模迁移。

附：英文原文

Title: Genome of a middle Holocene hunter-gatherer from Wallacea

Author: Carlhoff, Selina, Duli, Akin, Ngele, Kathrin, Nur, Muhammad, Skov, Laurits, Sumantri, Iwan, Oktaviana, Adhi Agus, Hakim, Budianto, Burhan, Basran, Syahdar, Fardi Ali, McGahan, David P., Bulbeck, David, Perston, Yinika L., Newman, Kim, Saiful, Andi Muhammad, Ririmasse, Marlon, Chia, Stephen, Hasanuddin, Pulubuhu, Dwia Aries Tina, Suryatman, Supriadi, Jeong, Choongwon, Peter, Benjamin M., Prfer, Kay, Powell, Adam, Krause, Johannes, Posth, Cosimo, Brumm, Adam

Issue&Volume: 2021-08-25

Abstract: Much remains unknown about the population history of early modern humans in southeast Asia, where the archaeological record is sparse and the tropical climate is inimical to the preservation of ancient human DNA1. So far, only two low-coverage pre-Neolithic human genomes have been sequenced from this region. Both are from mainland Hòabìnhian hunter-gatherer sites: Pha Faen in Laos, dated to 7939–7751 calibrated years before present (yr cal BP; present taken as AD 1950), and Gua Cha in Malaysia (4.4–4.2 kyr cal BP)1. Here we report, to our knowledge, the first ancient human genome from Wallacea, the oceanic island zone between the Sunda Shelf (comprising mainland southeast Asia and the continental islands of western Indonesia) and Pleistocene Sahul (Australia–New Guinea). We extracted DNA from the petrous bone of a young female hunter-gatherer buried 7.3–7.2 kyr cal BP at the limestone cave of Leang Panninge2 in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Genetic analyses show that this pre-Neolithic forager, who is associated with the ‘Toalean’ technocomplex3,4, shares most genetic drift and morphological similarities with present-day Papuan and Indigenous Australian groups, yet represents a previously unknown divergent human lineage that branched off around the time of the split between these populations approximately 37,000 years ago5. We also describe Denisovan and deep Asian-related ancestries in the Leang Panninge genome, and infer their large-scale displacement from the region today.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03823-6

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03823-6

Nature：《自然》，创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：69.504
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