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piRNA靶向的结构基础
2021-09-05 11:35

美国斯克里普斯研究所Ian J. MacRae研究组揭示PIWI 相互作用的 RNA (piRNA)靶向的结构基础。该研究于2021年9月1日发表于国际一流学术期刊《自然》杂志上。

他们展示了来自有无靶标RNA海绵海藻的 PIWI-piRNA 复合物的冷冻电镜结构,以及靶标识别的生化分析。镜像 Argonaute、PIWI 利用 piRNA 种子区域识别目标。然而,PIWI 产生了一个更弱的种子,因此稳定的靶标关联需要进一步的 piRNA – 靶标配对,从而使 piRNA 比microRNA (miRNA)少混。除了种子之外,PIWI 的结构促进了 piRNA(以容忍错配的方式进行靶标配对),从而导致长期存在的 PIWI – piRNA – 靶标相互作用可能在转座因子转录本上积累。

PIWI 通过物理阻断 piRNA 的传播——在缺乏有效种子配对的情况下靶向相互作用,以及通过需要扩展的 piRNA——靶标双链体来达到核酸内切活性构象,从而确保靶向保真度。PIWI 蛋白从而最大限度地减少脱靶细胞 mRNA,从而防御不断变化的基因组威胁。

据介绍,PIWI 蛋白使用piRNA来识别和沉默转座因子,从而保持后生动物世代之间的基因组完整性。PIWI 对转座因子的靶向已与 Argonaute 蛋白的 mRNA 靶标识别进行了比较,后者使用miRNA指导,但 piRNA 与 miRNA 的相似程度尚不清楚。

附:英文原文

Title: Structural basis for piRNA targeting

Author: Anzelon, Todd A., Chowdhury, Saikat, Hughes, Siobhan M., Xiao, Yao, Lander, Gabriel C., MacRae, Ian J.

Issue&Volume: 2021-09-01

Abstract: PIWI proteins use PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) to identify and silence transposable elements and thereby maintain genome integrity between metazoan generations1. The targeting of transposable elements by PIWI has been compared to mRNA target recognition by Argonaute proteins2,3, which use microRNA (miRNA) guides, but the extent to which piRNAs resemble miRNAs is not known. Here we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of a PIWI–piRNA complex from the sponge Ephydatia fluviatilis with and without target RNAs, and a biochemical analysis of target recognition. Mirroring Argonaute, PIWI identifies targets using the piRNA seed region. However, PIWI creates a much weaker seed so that stable target association requires further piRNA–target pairing, making piRNAs less promiscuous than miRNAs. Beyond the seed, the structure of PIWI facilitates piRNA–target pairing in a manner that is tolerant of mismatches, leading to long-lived PIWI–piRNA–target interactions that may accumulate on transposable-element transcripts. PIWI ensures targeting fidelity by physically blocking the propagation of piRNA–target interactions in the absence of faithful seed pairing, and by requiring an extended piRNA–target duplex to reach an endonucleolytically active conformation. PIWI proteins thereby minimize off-targeting cellular mRNAs while defending against evolving genomic threats.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03856-x

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03856-x

Nature:《自然》,创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团,最新IF:69.504
官方网址:http://www.nature.com/
投稿链接:http://www.nature.com/authors/submit_manuscript.html


本期文章:《自然》:Online/在线发表

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