小柯机器人

墨西哥国家生物多样性基因组学实验室(LANGEBIO) Andrés Moreno-Estrada和美国斯坦福大学Alexander G. Ioannidis研究组合作取得一项新成果。经过不懈努力，他们通过基因组网络推断了波利尼西亚人的定居路径和时间。该研究于2021年9月22日发表于国际学术期刊《自然》杂志。

在本研究中，研究人员使用来自21个主要太平洋岛屿430名现代个体的全基因组数据和新的特定于祖先的计算分析，揭示了这个庞大、分散岛屿定居网络的详细历史进程。研究人员对分支波利尼西亚移民序列的重建揭示了一系列原始扩张，其特征是变种的定向丢失。

该扩张过程起源于萨摩亚，首先传播到库克群岛（拉罗汤加），然后传播到Tōtaiete mā群岛（11 世纪）、西澳 (Tuha'a Pae) 群岛和 Tuāmotu 群岛（12 世纪），最后到北部的马克萨斯 (Te Henua 'Enana) 群岛时虽然出现了广泛分离但其基因仍相连，仍保留巨石建造文化；位于 Raivavae南部和波利尼西亚群岛最东端的复活节岛（Rapa Nui）是由约在公元1200年的曼加雷瓦人定居而来。

据介绍，波利尼西亚人是在跨越了地球三分之一的海洋后才定居，但其定居岛屿的顺序仍然未知，它们的定居时间也存在争议。目前，不同考古研究所揭示的定居时间相隔几个世纪。

附：英文原文

Title: Paths and timings of the peopling of Polynesia inferred from genomic networks

Author: Ioannidis, Alexander G., Blanco-Portillo, Javier, Sandoval, Karla, Hagelberg, Erika, Barberena-Jonas, Carmina, Hill, Adrian V. S., Rodrguez-Rodrguez, Juan Esteban, Fox, Keolu, Robson, Kathryn, Haoa-Cardinali, Sonia, Quinto-Corts, Consuelo D., Miquel-Poblete, Juan Francisco, Auckland, Kathryn, Parks, Tom, Sofro, Abdul Salam M., vila-Arcos, Mara C., Sockell, Alexandra, Homburger, Julian R., Eng, Celeste, Huntsman, Scott, Burchard, Esteban G., Gignoux, Christopher R., Verdugo, Ricardo A., Moraga, Mauricio, Bustamante, Carlos D., Mentzer, Alexander J., Moreno-Estrada, Andrs

Issue&Volume: 2021-09-22

Abstract: Polynesia was settled in a series of extraordinary voyages across an ocean spanning one third of the Earth1, but the sequences of islands settled remain unknown and their timings disputed. Currently, several centuries separate the dates suggested by different archaeological surveys2,3,4. Here, using genome-wide data from merely 430 modern individuals from 21 key Pacific island populations and novel ancestry-specific computational analyses, we unravel the detailed genetic history of this vast, dispersed island network. Our reconstruction of the branching Polynesian migration sequence reveals a serial founder expansion, characterized by directional loss of variants, that originated in Samoa and spread first through the Cook Islands (Rarotonga), then to the Society (Tōtaiete mā) Islands (11th century), the western Austral (Tuha’a Pae) Islands and Tuāmotu Archipelago (12th century), and finally to the widely separated, but genetically connected, megalithic statue-building cultures of the Marquesas (Te Henua ‘Enana) Islands in the north, Raivavae in the south, and Easter Island (Rapa Nui), the easternmost of the Polynesian islands, settled in approximately AD 1200 via Mangareva.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03902-8

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03902-8

Nature：《自然》，创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：69.504
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