小柯机器人

美国斯坦福大学Michael A. Fischbach等研究人员合作实现复杂肠道微生物组的设计、构建和体内增殖。2022年9月6日，《细胞》杂志在线发表了这项成果。

研究人员在体外构建了一个由人类肠道微生物群中最常见的分类群（hCom1）组成的104个细菌物种的定义群落，并对其进行了描述。然后，研究人员使用一个反复的实验过程来填补开放的微环境，用hCom1对无菌小鼠进行定植，然后用人类粪便样本进行挑战。研究人员确定了在粪便挑战后移植的新物种，并将它们加入到hCom1中，产生了hCom2。

在定菌小鼠中，hCom2表现出对粪便挑战的稳定性和对致病性大肠杆菌的强大定植能力。被hCom2或人类粪便群落定植的小鼠在表型上是相似的，这表明该联合体将能够对微生物群相关表型的物种和基因进行机制性的研究。

据悉，在小鼠中建立人类肠道微生物组模型的研究产生了对宿主-微生物相互作用机制的重要认识。然而，迄今为止研究的模型群落是确定的或复杂的，但不是两者都有，这限制了它们的效用。

附：英文原文

Title: Design, construction, and in vivo augmentation of a complex gut microbiome

Author: Alice G. Cheng, Po-Yi Ho, Andrés Aranda-Díaz, Sunit Jain, Feiqiao B. Yu, Xiandong Meng, Min Wang, Mikhail Iakiviak, Kazuki Nagashima, Aishan Zhao, Pallavi Murugkar, Advait Patil, Katayoon Atabakhsh, Allison Weakley, Jia Yan, Ariel R. Brumbaugh, Steven Higginbottom, Alejandra Dimas, Anthony L. Shiver, Adam Deutschbauer, Norma Neff, Justin L. Sonnenburg, Kerwyn Casey Huang, Michael A. Fischbach

Issue&Volume: 2022-09-06

Abstract: Efforts to model the human gut microbiome in mice have led to important insights intothe mechanisms of host-microbe interactions. However, the model communities studiedto date have been defined or complex, but not both, limiting their utility. Here,we construct and characterize in vitro a defined community of 104 bacterial species composed of the most common taxa fromthe human gut microbiota (hCom1). We then used an iterative experimental process tofill open niches: germ-free mice were colonized with hCom1 and then challenged witha human fecal sample. We identified new species that engrafted following fecal challengeand added them to hCom1, yielding hCom2. In gnotobiotic mice, hCom2 exhibited increasedstability to fecal challenge and robust colonization resistance against pathogenicEscherichia coli. Mice colonized by either hCom2 or a human fecal community are phenotypically similar,suggesting that this consortium will enable a mechanistic interrogation of speciesand genes on microbiome-associated phenotypes.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.08.003

Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(22)00990-4