加拿大麦吉尔大学Bratislav Misic及其课题组通过神经递质系统映射揭示了人新皮层的结构和功能组织。这一研究成果于2022年10月27日发表在国际学术期刊《自然-神经科学》上。
研究人员整理了来自1200 多名健康个体的正电子发射断层扫描图谱数据，重建了包含19种不同神经递质受体和转运蛋白的全脑三维图谱。研究发现受体谱与结构连接和介导功能一致，包括神经生理振荡动力学和静息状态血流动力学功能间的连接。使用Neurosynth认知图谱，研究发现了重叠受体分布的脑梯度，该梯度将外在和内在生理过程分开。
最后，研究发现13种疾病的受体分布和皮质异常模式之间存在已知和新的关联。研究人员在独立收集的放射自显影数据集中重复了所有发现。这项工作展示了化学结构如何重塑大脑结构和功能，为多尺度研究大脑组织提供了新的方向。
据悉，神经递质受体支持信号在人脑中的传播。但对受体系统在神经解剖学中的定位以及在紧急情况下它们的形态仍然知之甚少，并且缺少全面的受体图谱。
附：英文原文
Title: Mapping neurotransmitter systems to the structural and functional organization of the human neocortex
Author: Hansen, Justine Y., Shafiei, Golia, Markello, Ross D., Smart, Kelly, Cox, Sylvia M. L., Nrgaard, Martin, Beliveau, Vincent, Wu, Yanjun, Gallezot, Jean-Dominique, Aumont, tienne, Servaes, Stijn, Scala, Stephanie G., DuBois, Jonathan M., Wainstein, Gabriel, Bezgin, Gleb, Funck, Thomas, Schmitz, Taylor W., Spreng, R. Nathan, Galovic, Marian, Koepp, Matthias J., Duncan, John S., Coles, Jonathan P., Fryer, Tim D., Aigbirhio, Franklin I., McGinnity, Colm J., Hammers, Alexander, Soucy, Jean-Paul, Baillet, Sylvain, Guimond, Synthia, Hietala, Jarmo, Bedard, Marc-Andr, Leyton, Marco, Kobayashi, Eliane, Rosa-Neto, Pedro, Ganz, Melanie, Knudsen, Gitte M., Palomero-Gallagher, Nicola, Shine, James M., Carson, Richard E., Tuominen, Lauri, Dagher, Alain, Misic, Bratislav
Issue&Volume: 2022-10-27
Abstract: Neurotransmitter receptors support the propagation of signals in the human brain. How receptor systems are situated within macro-scale neuroanatomy and how they shape emergent function remain poorly understood, and there exists no comprehensive atlas of receptors. Here we collate positron emission tomography data from more than 1,200 healthy individuals to construct a whole-brain three-dimensional normative atlas of 19 receptors and transporters across nine different neurotransmitter systems. We found that receptor profiles align with structural connectivity and mediate function, including neurophysiological oscillatory dynamics and resting-state hemodynamic functional connectivity. Using the Neurosynth cognitive atlas, we uncovered a topographic gradient of overlapping receptor distributions that separates extrinsic and intrinsic psychological processes. Finally, we found both expected and novel associations between receptor distributions and cortical abnormality patterns across 13 disorders. We replicated all findings in an independently collected autoradiography dataset. This work demonstrates how chemoarchitecture shapes brain structure and function, providing a new direction for studying multi-scale brain organization.
DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01186-3
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-022-01186-3
Nature Neuroscience：《自然—神经科学》，创刊于1998年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：28.771
官方网址：https://www.nature.com/neuro/
投稿链接：https://mts-nn.nature.com/cgi-bin/main.plex
本期文章：《自然—神经科学》：Online/在线发表
