小柯机器人

美国宾夕法尼亚大学Theodore D. Satterthwaite团队近期取得重要工作进展，他们研究了青少年大脑中感觉运动-联合皮质轴线上的内在活动发展。相关论文于2023年3月27日在线发表于《自然—神经科学》杂志上。

据介绍，动物的神经发育研究表明，随着可塑性的下降和皮层的成熟，固有皮层活动的记录从同步的高振幅演变为稀疏的低振幅。

利用1033名青年（8-23岁）的静息态功能性MRI（fMRI）数据，研究人员发现，这种固有活动的定型细化发生在人类发育过程中，并为神经发育变化的皮层梯度提供了证据。固有功能磁共振成像活动幅度的下降是跨区域异时启动的，并与皮质内髓鞘（一种发育可塑性调节因子）的成熟有关。从8岁到18岁，区域发育轨迹的时空变异性是沿着分层的感觉运动-联想皮层轴组织的。感觉运动-联想轴进一步捕捉了年轻人周围环境和固有功能磁共振成像活动之间的关联变化。相关研究表明，环境劣势对成熟大脑的影响在青春期中期沿着这个轴线分化最为显著。

总之，这些结果揭示了一个分级的神经发育轴，并为人类皮层可塑性的进展提供了见解。

附：英文原文

Title: Intrinsic activity development unfolds along a sensorimotor–association cortical axis in youth

Author: Sydnor, Valerie J., Larsen, Bart, Seidlitz, Jakob, Adebimpe, Azeez, Alexander-Bloch, Aaron F., Bassett, Dani S., Bertolero, Maxwell A., Cieslak, Matthew, Covitz, Sydney, Fan, Yong, Gur, Raquel E., Gur, Ruben C., Mackey, Allyson P., Moore, Tyler M., Roalf, David R., Shinohara, Russell T., Satterthwaite, Theodore D.

Issue&Volume: 2023-03-27

Abstract: Animal studies of neurodevelopment have shown that recordings of intrinsic cortical activity evolve from synchronized and high amplitude to sparse and low amplitude as plasticity declines and the cortex matures. Leveraging resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) data from 1,033 youths (ages 8–23 years), we find that this stereotyped refinement of intrinsic activity occurs during human development and provides evidence for a cortical gradient of neurodevelopmental change. Declines in the amplitude of intrinsic fMRI activity were initiated heterochronously across regions and were coupled to the maturation of intracortical myelin, a developmental plasticity regulator. Spatiotemporal variability in regional developmental trajectories was organized along a hierarchical, sensorimotor–association cortical axis from ages 8 to 18. The sensorimotor–association axis furthermore captured variation in associations between youths’ neighborhood environments and intrinsic fMRI activity; associations suggest that the effects of environmental disadvantage on the maturing brain diverge most across this axis during midadolescence. These results uncover a hierarchical neurodevelopmental axis and offer insight into the progression of cortical plasticity in humans.

DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01282-y

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-023-01282-y

Nature Neuroscience：《自然—神经科学》，创刊于1998年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：28.771
官方网址：https://www.nature.com/neuro/
投稿链接：https://mts-nn.nature.com/cgi-bin/main.plex