小柯机器人

中国农业科学院深圳农业基因组研究所黄三文团队从系统基因组学角度发现有害突变有助于杂交马铃薯育种。相关论文于2023年5月4日在线发表在《细胞》杂志上。

利用92个茄科植物及其姊妹支系物种的全基因组系统发育，研究人员采用一种演化策略来确定有害突变。深度系统发育揭示了全基因组范围内高度受限位点的图谱，占基因组的∼2.4%。根据一个二倍体马铃薯多样性小组，研究人员推断出367499个有害变异，其中50%发生在非编码部位，15%发生在同义部位。

与此相反的是，具有相对较高的同源性缺失负担的二倍体品系可以成为近交系开发的更好的起始材料，尽管其生长活力较差。将推断出的有害突变纳入其中，产量的基因组预测准确性提高了24.7%。这项研究对全基因组范围内有害突变的发生率和特性及其对育种的深远影响有了深入的了解。

据了解，杂交马铃薯育种将使该作物从克隆繁殖的四倍体转变为种子繁殖的二倍体。马铃薯基因组中有害突变的历史积累阻碍了精英近交系和杂交种的发展。

附：英文原文

Title: Phylogenomic discovery of deleterious mutations facilitates hybrid potato breeding

Author: Yaoyao Wu, Dawei Li, Yong Hu, Hongbo Li, Guillaume P. Ramstein, Shaoqun Zhou, Xinyan Zhang, Zhigui Bao, Yu Zhang, Baoxing Song, Yao Zhou, Yongfeng Zhou, Edeline Gagnon, Tiina Srkinen, Sandra Knapp, Chunzhi Zhang, Thomas Stdler, Edward S. Buckler, Sanwen Huang

Issue&Volume: 2023-05-04

Abstract: Hybrid potato breeding will transform the crop from a clonally propagated tetraploid to a seed-reproducing diploid. Historical accumulation of deleterious mutations in potato genomes has hindered the development of elite inbred lines and hybrids. Utilizing a whole-genome phylogeny of 92 Solanaceae and its sister clade species, we employ an evolutionary strategy to identify deleterious mutations. The deep phylogeny reveals the genome-wide landscape of highly constrained sites, comprising ～2.4% of the genome. Based on a diploid potato diversity panel, we infer 367,499 deleterious variants, of which 50% occur at non-coding and 15% at synonymous sites. Counterintuitively, diploid lines with relatively high homozygous deleterious burden can be better starting material for inbred-line development, despite showing less vigorous growth. Inclusion of inferred deleterious mutations increases genomic-prediction accuracy for yield by 24.7%. Our study generates insights into the genome-wide incidence and properties of deleterious mutations and their far-reaching consequences for breeding.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.04.008

Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(23)00405-1