小柯机器人

近日，美国加州大学旧金山分校Evan H. Feinberg及其研究团队发现，后脑模块不同程度地转化神经元的活动来协调运动。该研究于2023年6月20日在线发表于国际一流学术期刊《细胞》。

研究人员揭示了在小鼠凝视系统中实施的不同逻辑。刺激上丘（SC）引起的头部运动具有定型的位移，但眼球运动具有定型的终点。这是由单个SC神经元实现的，其分支轴突支配着髓质和脑桥的模块，分别驱动具有刻板位移的头部运动和具有刻板端点的眼球运动。因此，单个神经元指定不同身体部位的端点和位移的混合物，而不是整体位移，不同身体部位的位移在不同的解剖学阶段计算。这项研究建立了一种解开运动层次的方法，并确定了协调运动和由此产生姿势的逻辑。

据介绍，看似简单的行为，如拍打蚊子或瞥一眼路标，涉及多个身体部位的精确协调。人们普遍认为，协调运动的神经控制需要将所需的整体位移转化为每个身体部位的位移。

附：英文原文

Title: Hindbrain modules differentially transform activity of single collicular neurons to coordinate movements

Author: Sebastian H. Zahler, David E. Taylor, Brennan S. Wright, Joey Y. Wong, Varvara A. Shvareva, Yusol A. Park, Evan H. Feinberg

Issue&Volume: 2023-06-20

Abstract: Seemingly simple behaviors such as swatting a mosquito or glancing at a signpost involvethe precise coordination of multiple body parts. Neural control of coordinated movementsis widely thought to entail transforming a desired overall displacement into displacementsfor each body part. Here we reveal a different logic implemented in the mouse gazesystem. Stimulating superior colliculus (SC) elicits head movements with stereotypeddisplacements but eye movements with stereotyped endpoints. This is achieved by individualSC neurons whose branched axons innervate modules in medulla and pons that drive headmovements with stereotyped displacements and eye movements with stereotyped endpoints,respectively. Thus, single neurons specify a mixture of endpoints and displacementsfor different body parts, not overall displacement, with displacements for differentbody parts computed at distinct anatomical stages. Our study establishes an approachfor unraveling motor hierarchies and identifies a logic for coordinating movementsand the resulting pose.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.05.031

Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(23)00583-4