小柯机器人

美国普林斯顿大学Martin C. Jonikas团队近期取得重要工作进展，他们研究建立了叶绿体蛋白质图谱，揭示了生物合成途径的点状结构和空间组织。相关研究成果2023年7月11日在线发表于《细胞》杂志上。

据介绍，叶绿体是驱动全球碳循环的真核光合作用细胞器。尽管叶绿体很重要，但人们对它的蛋白质组成、功能和空间组织的了解仍然有限。

研究人员使用荧光蛋白标记在模式藻类莱茵衣藻中确定了1034个候选叶绿体蛋白的定位。这些定位提供了对特征较差的蛋白质功能的深入了解，鉴定了类核、质体珠粒和类核的新成分，并揭示了针对多个区室的广泛蛋白质靶标。研究人员发现并进一步表征了细胞组织特征，包括11个叶绿体点状结构、胞质新月形结构和叶绿体内酶的意外空间分布。研究人员还使用机器学习来预测其它核编码衣藻蛋白的定位。

总之，这里开发的菌株和定位图谱将作为加速叶绿体结构和功能研究的资源。

附：英文原文

Title: A chloroplast protein atlas reveals punctate structures and spatial organization of biosynthetic pathways

Author: Lianyong Wang, Weronika Patena, Kelly A. Van Baalen, Yihua Xie, Emily R. Singer, Sophia Gavrilenko, Michelle Warren-Williams, Linqu Han, Henry R. Harrigan, Linnea D. Hartz, Vivian Chen, Vinh T.N.P. Ton, Saw Kyin, Henry H. Shwe, Matthew H. Cahn, Alexandra T. Wilson, Masayuki Onishi, Jianping Hu, Danny J. Schnell, Claire D. McWhite, Martin C. Jonikas

Issue&Volume: 2023-07-11

Abstract: Chloroplasts are eukaryotic photosynthetic organelles that drive the global carbon cycle. Despite their importance, our understanding of their protein composition, function, and spatial organization remains limited. Here, we determined the localizations of 1,034 candidate chloroplast proteins using fluorescent protein tagging in the model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The localizations provide insights into the functions of poorly characterized proteins; identify novel components of nucleoids, plastoglobules, and the pyrenoid; and reveal widespread protein targeting to multiple compartments. We discovered and further characterized cellular organizational features, including eleven chloroplast punctate structures, cytosolic crescent structures, and unexpected spatial distributions of enzymes within the chloroplast. We also used machine learning to predict the localizations of other nuclear-encoded Chlamydomonas proteins. The strains and localization atlas developed here will serve as a resource to accelerate studies of chloroplast architecture and functions.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.06.008

Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(23)00676-1