小柯机器人

美国约翰霍普金斯大学Dwight E. Bergles团队近期取得重要工作进展，他们研究发现去甲肾上腺素能够通过调节皮质少突胶质前体细胞的钙动力学来促进小鼠唤醒期间的增殖。相关研究成果2023年9月11日在线发表于《自然—神经科学》杂志上。

据介绍，少突胶质细胞是中枢神经系统（CNS）的髓鞘形成细胞，由表达神经递质受体的少突胶质前体细胞（OPC）产生。然而，影响体内OPC活性的机制以及神经递质信号在OPC中的生理作用尚不清楚。

研究人员构建了一种在OPC中表达膜锚定的GCaMP6s的转基因小鼠系，并使用纵向双光子显微镜监测大脑皮层中的OPC钙（Ca2⁺）动力学。OPC在其过程中表现出局部和短暂的Ca2⁺增加，在运动诱导的觉醒增加过程中增强。Ca2⁺瞬变独立于兴奋性神经元活动发生，当OPC分化时迅速下降，并被麻醉、镇静剂或去甲肾上腺素受体拮抗剂抑制。OPC中α1A肾上腺素能受体的条件性敲除抑制自发和运动诱导的Ca2⁺增加并减少OPC增殖。

总之，这一研究表明，OPC在体内直接受到去甲肾上腺素的调节，以增强Ca2⁺动力学并促进种群稳态。

附：英文原文

Title: Norepinephrine modulates calcium dynamics in cortical oligodendrocyte precursor cells promoting proliferation during arousal in mice

Author: Lu, Tsai-Yi, Hanumaihgari, Priyanka, Hsu, Eric T., Agarwal, Amit, Kawaguchi, Riki, Calabresi, Peter A., Bergles, Dwight E.

Issue&Volume: 2023-09-11

Abstract: Oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS), are generated from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) that express neurotransmitter receptors. However, the mechanisms that affect OPC activity in vivo and the physiological roles of neurotransmitter signaling in OPCs are unclear. In this study, we generated a transgenic mouse line that expresses membrane-anchored GCaMP6s in OPCs and used longitudinal two-photon microscopy to monitor OPC calcium (Ca2+) dynamics in the cerebral cortex. OPCs exhibit focal and transient Ca2+ increases within their processes that are enhanced during locomotion-induced increases in arousal. The Ca2+ transients occur independently of excitatory neuron activity, rapidly decline when OPCs differentiate and are inhibited by anesthesia, sedative agents or noradrenergic receptor antagonists. Conditional knockout of α1A adrenergic receptors in OPCs suppresses spontaneous and locomotion-induced Ca2+ increases and reduces OPC proliferation. Our results demonstrate that OPCs are directly modulated by norepinephrine in vivo to enhance Ca2+ dynamics and promote population homeostasis. Calcium dynamics and their role in oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are unclear. In this study, the authors show that calcium dynamics at the processes of OPCs are modulated by norepinephrine and influence OPC proliferation during arousal in awake adult mice.

DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01426-0

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-023-01426-0

Nature Neuroscience：《自然—神经科学》，创刊于1998年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：28.771
官方网址：https://www.nature.com/neuro/
投稿链接：https://mts-nn.nature.com/cgi-bin/main.plex