小柯机器人

近日，美国密歇根州立大学教授Rebecca C. Knickmeyer团队合作完成婴幼儿大脑皮层下发育和认知图谱的全球多队列研究。这一研究成果于2023年11月23日在线发表在《自然—神经科学》期刊上。

研究人员表示，人类大脑在婴儿期和幼儿期生长迅速，但对影响这一时期大脑成熟的因素仍然知之甚少。

为了填补这一空白，研究人员整合了来自八个不同队列的数据，创建了迄今为止最大的儿科神经成像数据集之一，该数据集关注出生至6岁的儿童。研究人员绘制了2000多名儿童的颅内和皮层下体积的发育轨迹，并研究了社会人口因素和不良出生结局如何影响大脑结构和认知能力。杏仁核是最先发育成熟的皮层下体积，而丘脑的发育则较为缓慢。男性的脑容量大于女性，早产儿或出生体重不足的儿童随着年龄的增长会出现追赶性生长。社会经济因素对特定地区和特定时间都有影响。在认知方面，男性得分低于女性；早产影响了所有测试的发育领域，而社会经济因素则影响了视觉接收和接受性语言。大脑与认知的相关性显示了特定区域的关联。

附：英文原文

Title: A global multicohort study to map subcortical brain development and cognition in infancy and early childhood

Author: Alex, Ann M., Aguate, Fernando, Botteron, Kelly, Buss, Claudia, Chong, Yap-Seng, Dager, Stephen R., Donald, Kirsten A., Entringer, Sonja, Fair, Damien A., Fortier, Marielle V., Gaab, Nadine, Gilmore, John H., Girault, Jessica B., Graham, Alice M., Groenewold, Nynke A., Hazlett, Heather, Lin, Weili, Meaney, Michael J., Piven, Joseph, Qiu, Anqi, Rasmussen, Jerod M., Roos, Annerine, Schultz, Robert T., Skeide, Michael A., Stein, Dan J., Styner, Martin, Thompson, Paul M., Turesky, Ted K., Wadhwa, Pathik D., Zar, Heather J., Zllei, Lilla, de los Campos, Gustavo, Knickmeyer, Rebecca C.

Issue&Volume: 2023-11-23

Abstract: The human brain grows quickly during infancy and early childhood, but factors influencing brain maturation in this period remain poorly understood. To address this gap, we harmonized data from eight diverse cohorts, creating one of the largest pediatric neuroimaging datasets to date focused on birth to 6 years of age. We mapped the developmental trajectory of intracranial and subcortical volumes in ～2,000 children and studied how sociodemographic factors and adverse birth outcomes influence brain structure and cognition. The amygdala was the first subcortical volume to mature, whereas the thalamus exhibited protracted development. Males had larger brain volumes than females, and children born preterm or with low birthweight showed catch-up growth with age. Socioeconomic factors exerted region- and time-specific effects. Regarding cognition, males scored lower than females; preterm birth affected all developmental areas tested, and socioeconomic factors affected visual reception and receptive language. Brain–cognition correlations revealed region-specific associations.

DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01501-6

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-023-01501-6

Nature Neuroscience：《自然—神经科学》，创刊于1998年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：28.771
官方网址：https://www.nature.com/neuro/
投稿链接：https://mts-nn.nature.com/cgi-bin/main.plex