小柯机器人

美国埃默里大学医学院Jacob E. Kohlmeier研究小组取得一项新突破。他们的研究发现驻留记忆CD8⁺ T细胞能预防呼吸道病毒的传播。2023年12月12日，国际学术期刊《自然》发表了这一成果。

研究人员利用小鼠自然副流感病毒传播模型来量化呼吸道驻留记忆性CD8 T细胞，降低感染易感性和病毒传播范围来提供群体免疫的程度，即使在没有病毒特异性抗体的情况下也是如此。研究证明驻留记忆CD8 T细胞的保护需要抗病毒细胞因子IFN-γ，并诱导呼吸道内上皮细胞转录程序的改变。这些结果表明，呼吸道中的组织驻留CD8 T细胞在保护宿主免受病毒侵袭，和限制病毒在人群中传播方面都能发挥重要作用。

据悉，理想的疫苗不仅能减弱病毒在感染个体体内的生长和产生疾病，还能减少病毒在人群中的传播，从而产生群体免疫力。事实证明，这一策略成功产生了针对麻疹、黄热病和脊髓灰质炎的体液免疫。提高靶向逃逸变体抗病毒免疫力的一种方法是在呼吸道中产生记忆T细胞，这种细胞能对呼吸道病毒感染做出快速反应。然而，尚不清楚记忆T细胞是否能有效监控呼吸道，从而消除或大大减少病毒传播。

附：英文原文

Title: Prevention of respiratory virus transmission by resident memory CD8+ T cells

Author: Uddbck, Ida, Michalets, Sarah E., Saha, Ananya, Mattingly, Cameron, Kost, Kirsten N., Williams, M. Elliott, Lawrence, Laurel A., Hicks, Sakeenah L., Lowen, Anice C., Ahmed, Hasan, Thomsen, Allan R., Russell, Charles J., Scharer, Christopher D., Boss, Jeremy M., Koelle, Katia, Antia, Rustom, Christensen, Jan P., Kohlmeier, Jacob E.

Issue&Volume: 2023-12-12

Abstract: An ideal vaccine not only attenuates virus growth and disease in infected individuals but also reduces the spread of infections in the population, thereby generating herd immunity. While this strategy has proven successful by generating humoral immunity to measles, yellow fever and polio, many respiratory viruses evolve to evade pre-existing antibodies 1. One approach for improving the breadth of antiviral immunity against escape variants is through the generation of memory T cells in the respiratory tract, which are positioned to rapidly respond to respiratory virus infections 2-6. However, it is unknown whether memory T cells alone can effectively surveil the respiratory tract to an extent that they eliminate or greatly reduce viral transmission following exposure of an individual to infection. Here, we use a mouse model of natural parainfluenza virus transmission to quantify the extent to which memory CD8 T cells resident in the respiratory tract can provide herd immunity by reducing both the susceptibility of acquiring infection and the extent of transmission, even in the absence of virus-specific antibodies. We demonstrate that protection by resident memory CD8 T cells requires the antiviral cytokine IFN-γ and leads to altered transcriptional programming of epithelial cells within the respiratory tract. These results suggest that tissue-resident CD8 T cells in the respiratory tract can play important roles in both protecting the host against viral disease and in limiting viral spread throughout the population.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06937-1

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06937-1

Nature：《自然》，创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：69.504
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