小柯机器人

美国斯坦福大学Molly Schumer等研究人员合作发现，天然杂交种复合体I中存在致命的线粒体核不相容。相关论文于2024年1月10日在线发表于国际学术期刊《自然》。

研究人员描述了一种线粒体核不相容现象，涉及三个基因，其蛋白质产物在自然杂交剑尾鱼种的呼吸复合体I中发生物理接触。蛋白组合不匹配的同源基因个体无法完成胚胎发育或在幼鱼时期死亡，而不相容的杂交个体则会降低复合体I的功能，线粒体蛋白质组中亲代等位基因的代表性也不平衡。研究人员发现，不同基因相互作用对生存的影响是非加性的，这凸显了杂交不相容基因结构的微妙复杂性。

最后，研究人员记录了相关基因的演化史，显示了加速演化的信号，以及不相容性通过杂交在物种间转移的证据。

据介绍，生殖障碍的演化是新物种形成的第一步，有助于人们了解地球生命的多样性。这些生殖障碍通常以杂交不相容的形式出现，即来自两个不同物种的等位基因在杂交后代中不再能正常相互作用。根据理论预测，杂交不相容性更有可能出现在快速演化的基因上，而且涉及多个基因的不相容性应该很常见。

附：英文原文

Title: A lethal mitonuclear incompatibility in complex I of natural hybrids

Author: Moran, Benjamin M., Payne, Cheyenne Y., Powell, Daniel L., Iverson, Erik N. K., Donny, Alexandra E., Banerjee, Shreya M., Langdon, Quinn K., Gunn, Theresa R., Rodriguez-Soto, Rebecca A., Madero, Angel, Baczenas, John J., Kleczko, Korbin M., Liu, Fang, Matney, Rowan, Singhal, Kratika, Leib, Ryan D., Hernandez-Perez, Osvaldo, Corbett-Detig, Russell, Frydman, Judith, Gifford, Casey, Schartl, Manfred, Havird, Justin C., Schumer, Molly

Issue&Volume: 2024-01-10

Abstract: The evolution of reproductive barriers is the first step in the formation of new species and can help us understand the diversification of life on Earth. These reproductive barriers often take the form of hybrid incompatibilities, in which alleles derived from two different species no longer interact properly in hybrids1,2,3. Theory predicts that hybrid incompatibilities may be more likely to arise at rapidly evolving genes4,5,6 and that incompatibilities involving multiple genes should be common7,8, but there has been sparse empirical data to evaluate these predictions. Here we describe a mitonuclear incompatibility involving three genes whose protein products are in physical contact within respiratory complex I of naturally hybridizing swordtail fish species. Individuals homozygous for mismatched protein combinations do not complete embryonic development or die as juveniles, whereas those heterozygous for the incompatibility have reduced complex I function and unbalanced representation of parental alleles in the mitochondrial proteome. We find that the effects of different genetic interactions on survival are non-additive, highlighting subtle complexity in the genetic architecture of hybrid incompatibilities. Finally, we document the evolutionary history of the genes involved, showing signals of accelerated evolution and evidence that an incompatibility has been transferred between species via hybridization.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06895-8

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06895-8

Nature：《自然》，创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：69.504
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