小柯机器人

美国佛罗里达大学Guillaume de Lartigue团队近期取得重要工作进展，他们研究提出，单独的肠-脑回路强化脂肪和糖的组合从而促进暴饮暴食。相关研究成果2024年1月18日在线发表于《细胞—代谢》杂志上。

据介绍，食物是一种强大的天然增强剂，可以指导人们做出喂养决策。迷走神经将有关营养价值的内部感觉信息从肠道传递到大脑；然而，人们对营养素特异性奖励回路的细胞和分子基础知之甚少。

研究人员监测体内钙动力学，为检测膳食脂肪和糖提供独立迷走神经传感途径的直接证据。通过对迷走神经神经元的活性依赖性基因捕获，研究人员证明了存在用于脂肪和糖传感的独立肠脑回路，这些回路对于营养特异性强化是必要和充分的。即使在控制热量的情况下，与单独的脂肪或糖相比，脂肪和糖回路的联合激活也会增加黑质纹状体多巴胺的释放和暴饮暴食。

总之，这项工作为调节动机行为的复杂感觉回路提供了新的见解，并表明下意识的内部驱动力（如高脂肪和高糖饮食）可能会阻碍有意识的节食努力。

附：英文原文

Title: Separate gut-brain circuits for fat and sugar reinforcement combine to promote overeating

Author: Molly McDougle, Alan de Araujo, Arashdeep Singh, Mingxin Yang, Isadora Braga, Vincent Paille, Rebeca Mendez-Hernandez, Macarena Vergara, Lauren N. Woodie, Abhishek Gour, Abhisheak Sharma, Nikhil Urs, Brandon Warren, Guillaume de Lartigue

Issue&Volume: 2024-01-18

Abstract: Food is a powerful natural reinforcer that guides feeding decisions. The vagus nerve conveys internal sensory information from the gut to the brain about nutritional value; however, the cellular and molecular basis of macronutrient-specific reward circuits is poorly understood. Here, we monitor in vivo calcium dynamics to provide direct evidence of independent vagal sensing pathways for the detection of dietary fats and sugars. Using activity-dependent genetic capture of vagal neurons activated in response to gut infusions of nutrients, we demonstrate the existence of separate gut-brain circuits for fat and sugar sensing that are necessary and sufficient for nutrient-specific reinforcement. Even when controlling for calories, combined activation of fat and sugar circuits increases nigrostriatal dopamine release and overeating compared with fat or sugar alone. This work provides new insights into the complex sensory circuitry that mediates motivated behavior and suggests that a subconscious internal drive to consume obesogenic diets (e.g., those high in both fat and sugar) may impede conscious dieting efforts.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.12.014

Source: https://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/fulltext/S1550-4131(23)00466-7

Cell Metabolism：《细胞—代谢》，创刊于2005年。隶属于细胞出版社，最新IF：31.373
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