小柯机器人

德国马克斯·普朗克演化人类学研究所Jean-Jacques Hublin等研究人员合作发现，智人在4.5万年前已到达欧洲高纬度地区。该研究于2024年1月31日在线发表于国际一流学术期刊《自然》。

研究人员介绍了与拉尼斯（德国）Ilsenhöhle遗址的Lincombian–Ranisian–Jerzmanowician（LRJ）集合体直接相关的，人类遗骸的形态学和蛋白质组分类鉴定、线粒体DNA分析和直接放射性碳年代测定。这些人类遗骸是欧亚大陆最早的直接测定年代的上旧石器时代智人遗骸。研结果表明，早在欧洲西南部晚期尼安德特人灭绝之前，欧洲中部和西北部就已经出现了与LRJ相关的早期智人。这些研究结果加强了欧洲在这一过渡时期存在不同人类种群和工艺文化丛的观点。

据悉，欧洲旧石器时代中期向上古时期的过渡与尼安德特人在该地区的消失和智人的扩散有关。在东欧出现智人几千年后，晚期尼安德特人仍在西欧存在。两个族群之间发生了局部杂交，但并非在所有情况下都发生杂交。考古证据还表明，在这一过渡时期出现了几种工艺文化丛，使人们对特定类人群体行为适应性的理解和关联变得更加复杂。其中一个制造者未知的工艺文化丛是LRJ，该工艺文化丛已在欧洲西北部和中部被描述过。

附：英文原文

Title: Homo sapiens reached the higher latitudes of Europe by 45,000 years ago

Author: Mylopotamitaki, Dorothea, Weiss, Marcel, Fewlass, Helen, Zavala, Elena Irene, Rougier, Hlne, Smer, Arev Pelin, Hajdinjak, Mateja, Smith, Geoff M., Ruebens, Karen, Sinet-Mathiot, Virginie, Pederzani, Sarah, Essel, Elena, Harking, Florian S., Xia, Huan, Hansen, Jakob, Kirchner, Andr, Lauer, Tobias, Stahlschmidt, Mareike, Hein, Michael, Talamo, Sahra, Wacker, Lukas, Meller, Harald, Dietl, Holger, Orschiedt, Jrg, Olsen, Jesper V., Zeberg, Hugo, Prfer, Kay, Krause, Johannes, Meyer, Matthias, Welker, Frido, McPherron, Shannon P., Schler, Tim, Hublin, Jean-Jacques

Issue&Volume: 2024-01-31

Abstract: The Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition in Europe is associated with the regional disappearance of Neanderthals and the spread of Homo sapiens. Late Neanderthals persisted in western Europe several millennia after the occurrence of H.sapiens in eastern Europe1. Local hybridization between the two groups occurred2, but not on all occasions3. Archaeological evidence also indicates the presence of several technocomplexes during this transition, complicating our understanding and the association of behavioural adaptations with specific hominin groups4. One such technocomplex for which the makers are unknown is the Lincombian–Ranisian–Jerzmanowician (LRJ), which has been described in northwestern and central Europe5,6,7,8. Here we present the morphological and proteomic taxonomic identification, mitochondrial DNA analysis and direct radiocarbon dating of human remains directly associated with an LRJ assemblage at the site Ilsenhhle in Ranis (Germany). These human remains are among the earliest directly dated Upper Palaeolithic H.sapiens remains in Eurasia. We show that early H.sapiens associated with the LRJ were present in central and northwestern Europe long before the extinction of late Neanderthals in southwestern Europe. Our results strengthen the notion of a patchwork of distinct human populations and technocomplexes present in Europe during this transitional period.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06923-7

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06923-7

Nature：《自然》，创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：69.504
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