小柯机器人

美国加州理工学院Marianne E. Bronner课题组揭示了脊椎动物早期交感神经元的神经嵴起源。2024年4月17日，国际学术期刊《自然》发表了这一成果。

研究人员发现，现存无颌脊椎动物海鳗（Petromyzon marinus）体内存在躯干交感神经元。这些神经元产生于背主动脉附近的交感母细胞，它们通过与无颌脊椎动物同源的转录程序进行去肾上腺素能规范化。七鳃鳗交感神经母细胞分布在心外间隙，并沿着躯干长度呈双侧流延伸，表达儿茶酚胺生物合成途径中的酪氨酸羟化酶和多巴胺β-羟化酶。

CM-DiI系谱示踪分析进一步证实，这些细胞来自主干神经嵴。对分离的羊膜腔躯干交感母细胞进行的RNA测序，揭示了交感神经元功能的基因特征。该研究结果对交感神经节是颌脊动物独有这一传统观点提出了挑战，并表明晚发育的初级交感神经系统可能是初始脊椎动物的特征。

研究人员表示，神经嵴是脊椎动物独有的胚胎干细胞群，它的增殖和多样化促进了脊椎动物的进化，衍生出新的细胞类型和结构（如颌骨和周围神经节）。尽管无颌脊椎动物也有感觉神经节，但传统观点认为，躯干交感神经链神经节只存在于有颌脊椎动物中。

附：英文原文

Title: Neural crest origin of sympathetic neurons at the dawn of vertebrates

Author: Edens, Brittany M., Stundl, Jan, Urrutia, Hugo A., Bronner, Marianne E.

Issue&Volume: 2024-04-17

Abstract: The neural crest is an embryonic stem cell population unique to vertebrates1 whose expansion and diversification are thought to have promoted vertebrate evolution by enabling emergence of new cell types and structures such as jaws and peripheral ganglia2. Although jawless vertebrates have sensory ganglia, convention has it that trunk sympathetic chain ganglia arose only in jawed vertebrates3,4,5,6,7,8. Here, by contrast, we report the presence of trunk sympathetic neurons in the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, an extant jawless vertebrate. These neurons arise from sympathoblasts near the dorsal aorta that undergo noradrenergic specification through a transcriptional program homologous to that described in gnathostomes. Lamprey sympathoblasts populate the extracardiac space and extend along the length of the trunk in bilateral streams, expressing the catecholamine biosynthetic pathway enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine β-hydroxylase. CM-DiI lineage tracing analysis further confirmed that these cells derive from the trunk neural crest. RNA sequencing of isolated ammocoete trunk sympathoblasts revealed gene profiles characteristic of sympathetic neuron function. Our findings challenge the prevailing dogma that posits that sympathetic ganglia are a gnathostome innovation, instead suggesting that a late-developing rudimentary sympathetic nervous system may have been characteristic of the earliest vertebrates.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07297-0

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07297-0

Nature：《自然》，创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：69.504
官方网址：http://www.nature.com/
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