Klahr, D., & Simon, H. A. (1999). Studies of scientific discovery: Complementary approaches and convergent findings. Psychological Bulletin, 125(5), 524–543.

four approaches to research on scientific discovery were identified; namely, historical accounts of scientific discoveries, psychological experiments with nonscientists working on tasks related to scientific discoveries, direct
observation of ongoing scientific laboratories, and computational modeling of scientific discovery processes—by viewing
them through the lens of the theory of human problem solving.