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【论文简介】广泛种植Bt棉减少杀虫剂的使用并促进生物防治效应
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【按：这是中国农科院植保所吴孔明院士团队最近新发表在nature上的转基因评价论文摘要】
在过去的十六年多以来，广泛种植转Bt抗虫棉控制住了几种重要的害虫，减少了杀虫剂的使用量。因为广谱杀虫剂杀死节肢动物害虫的同时也杀死了它们的天敌，而这些天敌对进行生物防治害虫是有益的，种植Bt棉减少杀虫剂的使用能够增强生物防治的效应。然而，这个假说没有经过长期的、大范围的检验。根据1990-2010年在华北6省36个种植抗虫棉点上的连续调查结果显示种植Bt棉的田块三种具有杂食性的节肢动物天敌（瓢虫、草蛉和蜘蛛）数量显著增加，而害虫蚜虫则显著减少，减少了杀虫剂的使用量。调查结果还显示这些天敌为Bt棉种植田块邻近地块中的作物（玉米、花生和大豆）提供了额外生物防治效应的证据。这个工作通过证实种植Bt棉能促进农田生物防治效应，扩大了通常评价Bt棉生态效应的范围。
Widespread adoption of Bt cotton and insecticide decrease promotes biocontrol services
Over the past 16 years, vast plantings of transgenic crops producing insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have helped to control several major insect pests and reduce the need for insecticide sprays. Because broad-spectrum insecticides kill arthropod natural enemies that provide biological control of pests, the decrease in use of insecticide sprays associated with Bt crops could enhance biocontrol services. However, this hypothesis has not been tested in terms of long-term landscape-level impacts. On the basis of data from 1990 to 2010 at 36 sites in six provinces of northern China, we show here a marked increase in abundance of three types of generalist arthropod predators (ladybirds, lacewings and spiders) and a decreased abundance of aphid pests associated with widespread adoption of Bt cotton and reduced insecticide sprays in this crop. We also found evidence that the predators might provide additional biocontrol services spilling over from Bt cotton fields onto neighbouring crops (maize, peanut and soybean). Our work extends results from general studies evaluating ecological effects of Bt crops by demonstrating that such crops can promote biocontrol services in agricultural landscapes.
https://m.sciencenet.cn/blog-310342-582505.html
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