来自:Swarm Intelligence: Doug Hosknis (1995) has shown how the simplest behaviors of the simplest organisms in the animal kingdom can be shown to function as an optimization algorithm...
Eshel Ben-Jacobs...argues that colonies of bacteria are able to communicate and even alter their genetic makeup in response to environmental challenges....
bacteria are able to organize into what is essentially a single, multicellular superorganism...(这还很值得进一步研究呢)
It is surprsing to think that single-celled microbes might posses sophisticated intelligence-maybe it is just because they are so small, so removed from our perceptions...
Perhaps the most extreme example of the intimate relation between the individual and the social group is found in the life of the lowly slime mold...