“自私的基因”不一定和“利他”相矛盾。

我想所谓“自私”可能是为了在进化中获得遗传的可能。从哲学上来说这是成立的，相等于“执着”。

但是，和环境相互作用的结果使得单纯的“自私”无法获得最佳的遗传几率。

简单的从硬盘中搜了几个论文，是有关这方面的。

见(Spector and Klein, 2006; Powers and Watson, 2008; Scogings and Hawick, 2008)

 

References:

Powers, S. and R. Watson(2008). The group selection debate and ALife: weak altruism, strong altruism, and inclusive fitness (abstract), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.

        

 

Scogings, C. and K. Hawick(2008). Altruism amongst spatial predator-prey animats, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.

        

 

Spector, L. and J. Klein(2006). "Genetic stability and territorial structure facilitate the evolution of tag-mediated altruism." ARTIFICIAL LIFE 12(4): 553-560.

         Evolutionary theorists have long been interested in the conditions that permit the evolution of altruistic cooperation. Recent work has demonstrated that altruistic donation can evolve in surprisingly simple models, in which agents base their decisions to donate solely on the similarity of evolved "tags" relative to evolved tag-difference tolerances. There is disagreement, however, about the conditions under which tag-mediated altruism will in fact evolve. Here we vary two critical parameters in a standard model of tag-mediated altruism-genetic stability and territorial structure- and show that altruism evolves in a wide range of conditions. We demonstrate the evolution of significant levels of altruism even when the immediate costs to donors equal the benefits to recipients. We describe the mechanism that permits the emergence of altruism in the model as a form of kin selection that is facilitated by interactions between altruism, genetic drift, and fecundity.

 

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