博文
要死？要活？
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危急机情况下的人行为是危机管理、人群控制中一个长久以来始终为我们所关注的问题。那么，在例如火灾情况下，人求生的本能与内禀的社会规范间的冲突就是我之所以取这么一个夸张的题目的原因了。
虽然这方面的研究十分重要，但是真正开展研究却很困难。因为伦理道德的因素限制了我们真正的冒着人的生命危险开展实验的可能。最近，在PNAS上有一篇有趣的论文【1】，他们比较了两起沉船事故的数据来分析人的求生本能与社会规范在危急情况下对人行为的影响。说到沉船，可能大家都会想到泰坦尼克号，不错，这就是其中之一。可能我这么大的人都还对中学时风靡全球狂赚了大家n多眼泪的Titanic有比较深刻的印象：人们有组织有纪律的优先组织女士和儿童逃生。而另外的一艘沉船可能就没那么有名了，它的名字是Lusitania。这艘船是Titanic沉没后三年德国因闪电击中沉没的另一艘船，因船迅速沉没，顺利逃生的大都是壮年男子，适者生存的自然法则在这里起了作用。
PNAS上这篇文章分析中发现“时间压力（time pressure）”可能是造成人们采取不同策略的诱因。实际上，我们在研究中也发现行人在时间压力下运动速度会加快（pedestrians tend to move a little faster when they are under the pressure of time than in normal situations）【2】。具体的分析可参见文献，下面给出PNAS上这篇文章的摘要：
Interaction of natural survival instincts and internalized social norms exploring the Titanic and Lusitania disasters
Abstract:
To understand human behavior, it is important to know under what conditions people deviate from selfish rationality. This study explores the interaction of natural survival instincts and internalized social norms using data on the sinking of the Titanic and the Lusitania. We show that time pressure appears to be crucial when explaining behavior under extreme conditions of life and death. Even though the two vessels and the composition of their passengers were quite similar, the behavior of the individuals on board was dramatically different. On the Lusitania, selfish behavior dominated (which corresponds to the classical homo economicus); on the Titanic, social norms and social status (class) dominated, which contradicts standard economics. This difference could be attributed to the fact that the Lusitania sank in 18 min, creating a situation in which the short-run flight impulse dominated behavior. On the slowly sinking Titanic (2 h, 40 min), there was time for socially determined behavioral patterns to reemerge. Maritime disasters are traditionally not analyzed in a comparative manner with advanced statistical (econometric) techniques using individual data of the passengers and crew. Knowing human behavior under extreme conditions provides insight into how widely human behavior can vary, depending on differing external conditions.
【1】 http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2010/02/17/0911303107.abstract
【2】? Ma Jian, Song Weiguo, Fang Zhiming, Lo Siuming and Liao Guangxuan, Experimental Study on Microscopic Moving Characteristics of Pedestrians in Built Corridor Based on Digital Image Processing, Building and Environment, 2010，45:2160-2169.
https://m.sciencenet.cn/blog-5422-354533.html
上一篇：会议信息--国际火灾学大会
下一篇：非常规突发事件立项
虽然这方面的研究十分重要，但是真正开展研究却很困难。因为伦理道德的因素限制了我们真正的冒着人的生命危险开展实验的可能。最近，在PNAS上有一篇有趣的论文【1】，他们比较了两起沉船事故的数据来分析人的求生本能与社会规范在危急情况下对人行为的影响。说到沉船，可能大家都会想到泰坦尼克号，不错，这就是其中之一。可能我这么大的人都还对中学时风靡全球狂赚了大家n多眼泪的Titanic有比较深刻的印象：人们有组织有纪律的优先组织女士和儿童逃生。而另外的一艘沉船可能就没那么有名了，它的名字是Lusitania。这艘船是Titanic沉没后三年德国因闪电击中沉没的另一艘船，因船迅速沉没，顺利逃生的大都是壮年男子，适者生存的自然法则在这里起了作用。
PNAS上这篇文章分析中发现“时间压力（time pressure）”可能是造成人们采取不同策略的诱因。实际上，我们在研究中也发现行人在时间压力下运动速度会加快（pedestrians tend to move a little faster when they are under the pressure of time than in normal situations）【2】。具体的分析可参见文献，下面给出PNAS上这篇文章的摘要：
Interaction of natural survival instincts and internalized social norms exploring the Titanic and Lusitania disasters
Abstract:
To understand human behavior, it is important to know under what conditions people deviate from selfish rationality. This study explores the interaction of natural survival instincts and internalized social norms using data on the sinking of the Titanic and the Lusitania. We show that time pressure appears to be crucial when explaining behavior under extreme conditions of life and death. Even though the two vessels and the composition of their passengers were quite similar, the behavior of the individuals on board was dramatically different. On the Lusitania, selfish behavior dominated (which corresponds to the classical homo economicus); on the Titanic, social norms and social status (class) dominated, which contradicts standard economics. This difference could be attributed to the fact that the Lusitania sank in 18 min, creating a situation in which the short-run flight impulse dominated behavior. On the slowly sinking Titanic (2 h, 40 min), there was time for socially determined behavioral patterns to reemerge. Maritime disasters are traditionally not analyzed in a comparative manner with advanced statistical (econometric) techniques using individual data of the passengers and crew. Knowing human behavior under extreme conditions provides insight into how widely human behavior can vary, depending on differing external conditions.
【1】 http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2010/02/17/0911303107.abstract
【2】? Ma Jian, Song Weiguo, Fang Zhiming, Lo Siuming and Liao Guangxuan, Experimental Study on Microscopic Moving Characteristics of Pedestrians in Built Corridor Based on Digital Image Processing, Building and Environment, 2010，45:2160-2169.
https://m.sciencenet.cn/blog-5422-354533.html
上一篇：会议信息--国际火灾学大会
下一篇：非常规突发事件立项
