Heat-stiffened H-O bond resolving Mpemba paradox

Mpemba effect-01.docx

https://medium.com/editors-picks/d8a2f611e853

We demonstrate that the Mpembaparadox arises intrinsically from the release of energy initially stored in thecovalent H-O part of the hot O:H-O hydrogen bond. Generally, heating raises theenergy of a substance, however, heating liquid water only raises the energy ofthe O:H van der Waals bond but lowers and stores energy into the H-O covalent bondby shortening and stiffening it because of the thermal weakening of the Coulombcoupling within the O:H-O bond [J PhysChem Lett 4, 2565 (2013); ibid, 4,3238 (2013)]. Cooling in a refrigerator, the H-O bond releases its energy at arate that depends exponentially on the initially stored energy, and therefore, Mpembaeffect happens. We formulate this effect in terms of the relaxation time t to represent all possible processes of energy loss. Consistencybetween prediction and measurements revealed that the t drops exponentially intrinsically with the initialtemperature of the water being cooled.