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哪所大学最具有全球影响力?这一问题逐渐地主导着公众、政府和资助机构对高等教育发展道路抉择。因为文化、历史、地理等因素都以各种难以量化的方式来影响排名,解决这个问题的难点在于很难形成一个考虑所有客观因素的大学排名,比如英语作为世界上最通行的语言,其对英语国家以及英语国家大学的影响是难以准确衡量的;加之不同的研究机构对教学和科研的重要性有不同的看法,如何权衡这些因素也成为了提升大学排名可信度的一个重要方面。
法国Franche-Comte大学的Jose Lages教授及其团队利用Google引擎的“网页排名算法”,对24种不同语言版本的维基百科的内容进行了数理统计分析,生成了基于维基百科的世界大学排名(WRUR)。虽然世界上现存287种语言,但这24种语言的使用者涵盖了世界人口总数的59%,相关文章覆盖了维基百科文章总数的68%。
与传统的大学排名相比,维基百科大学排名更倾向于具有较大影响力的历史悠久的大学。比如柏林洪堡大学在维基百科上排名第11位,但其并未出现在传统大学排名的前100名中,而该大学却已培养出29位诺贝尔奖获得者。同时,基于维基百科的大学排行榜存在较明显的国家多样性,美国排名第一,德国排名第二,英国紧随其后,排名第三。日本和印度的大学也更为突出,还包括了埃及爱资哈尔大学等非洲大学。总的来说,美国大学在新排行榜中不太突出,占总数的38%。新排行榜对非英语系国家均进行了较为客观的分析,包容了不同文化视角下对世界大学的看法。附表是以PageRank算法生成的基于维基百科的世界大学排名(WPRWU)TOP200。
当然,基于维基百科的大学影响力排名不可能完全取代传统的大学排名,但它为分析高等教育与研究的现状提供了一种新方法新思路,应该以积极的方式引起这方面的广泛探讨
附表:基于维基百科的世界大学排名Top200
Rank | Theta_PR | Na | University | CC |
1 | 2272 | 24 | University of Cambridge | UK |
2 | 2247 | 24 | University of Oxford | UK |
3 | 2112 | 22 | Harvard University | US |
4 | 2025 | 23 | Columbia University | US |
5 | 1887 | 23 | Princeton University | US |
6 | 1869 | 21 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | US |
7 | 1783 | 22 | University of Chicago | US |
8 | 1765 | 21 | Stanford University | US |
9 | 1716 | 20 | Yale University | US |
10 | 1557 | 19 | University of California, Berkeley | US |
11 | 1531 | 21 | Humboldt University of Berlin | DE |
12 | 1481 | 22 | Cornell University | US |
13 | 1351 | 20 | University of Pennsylvania | US |
14 | 1285 | 20 | University of London | UK |
15 | 1224 | 19 | Uppsala University | SE |
16 | 1209 | 20 | University of Edinburgh | UK |
17 | 1195 | 20 | Heidelberg University | DE |
18 | 1193 | 18 | University of California, Los Angeles | US |
19 | 1171 | 20 | New York University | US |
20 | 1131 | 18 | University of Michigan | US |
21 | 1119 | 19 | Johns Hopkins University | US |
22 | 1113 | 19 | University of Vienna | AT |
23 | 1099 | 18 | University of Gottingen | DE |
24 | 1030 | 16 | London School of Economics | UK |
25 | 990 | 19 | Moscow State University | RU |
26 | 974 | 19 | University of Bologna | IT |
27 | 948 | 18 | Leipzig University | DE |
28 | 928 | 15 | California Institute of Technology | US |
29 | 911 | 18 | Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich | DE |
30 | 764 | 15 | University of Southern California | US |
31 | 752 | 17 | University of Tokyo | JP |
32 | 743 | 15 | Leiden University | NL |
33 | 707 | 11 | Lund University | SE |
34 | 680 | 13 | Charles University in Prague | CZ |
35 | 668 | 12 | University College London | UK |
36 | 577 | 11 | University of Copenhagen | DK |
37 | 576 | 11 | école Normale Supérieure | FR |
38 | 570 | 14 | University of Manchester | UK |
39 | 556 | 13 | école Polytechnique | FR |
40 | 538 | 14 | University of Bonn | DE |
41 | 523 | 11 | University of Texas at Austin | US |
42 | 519 | 15 | Duke University | US |
43 | 507 | 15 | Carnegie Mellon University | US |
44 | 505 | 9 | Al-Azhar University | EG |
45 | 490 | 10 | University of Helsinki | FI |
46 | 487 | 15 | University of Virginia | US |
47 | 483 | 12 | Hebrew University of Jerusalem | IL |
48 | 470 | 12 | University of Toronto | CA |
49 | 460 | 9 | King's College London | UK |
50 | 450 | 9 | Imperial College London | UK |
51 | 447 | 11 | University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign | US |
52 | 429 | 10 | Sapienza University of Rome | IT |
53 | 428 | 8 | ETH Zurich | CH |
54 | 426 | 12 | University of Zurich | CH |
55 | 389 | 12 | University of Washington | US |
56 | 377 | 12 | University of Minnesota | US |
57 | 373 | 12 | Georgetown University | US |
58 | 373 | 10 | University of Wisconsin–Madison | US |
59 | 361 | 10 | McGill University | CA |
60 | 351 | 9 | University of Glasgow | UK |
61 | 346 | 8 | University of Oslo | NO |
62 | 346 | 7 | Peking University | CN |
63 | 344 | 6 | Michigan State University | US |
64 | 340 | 13 | Brown University | US |
65 | 338 | 8 | University of Tübingen | DE |
66 | 332 | 8 | Jagiellonian University | PL |
67 | 327 | 8 | Saint Petersburg State University | RU |
68 | 324 | 8 | Free University of Berlin | DE |
69 | 324 | 5 | Kyoto University | JP |
70 | 317 | 9 | University of Padua | IT |
71 | 314 | 7 | Karolinska Institutet | SE |
72 | 301 | 5 | Waseda University | JP |
73 | 300 | 5 | University of Florida | US |
74 | 298 | 6 | University of Geneva | CH |
75 | 295 | 6 | Ohio State University | US |
76 | 273 | 7 | University of Jena | DE |
77 | 269 | 5 | Keio University | JP |
78 | 262 | 9 | University of Arizona | US |
79 | 261 | 6 | University of Maryland, College Park | US |
80 | 260 | 6 | Stockholm University | SE |
81 | 248 | 5 | Trinity College, Dublin | IE |
82 | 247 | 7 | Boston University | US |
83 | 245 | 6 | University of Strasbourg | FR |
84 | 239 | 6 | University of Tartu | EE |
85 | 236 | 7 | Rutgers University | US |
86 | 234 | 4 | Institut Polytechnique des Sciences Avancées | FR |
87 | 232 | 6 | University of Warsaw | PL |
88 | 228 | 6 | Utrecht University | NL |
89 | 227 | 6 | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill | US |
90 | 224 | 4 | Rockefeller University | US |
91 | 217 | 7 | Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg | DE |
92 | 211 | 5 | Tsinghua University | CN |
93 | 209 | 6 | University of St Andrews | UK |
94 | 208 | 5 | University of Amsterdam | NL |
95 | 204 | 9 | Northwestern University | US |
96 | 204 | 6 | University of Notre Dame | US |
97 | 189 | 4 | Technical University of Berlin | DE |
98 | 189 | 3 | University of Coimbra | PT |
99 | 187 | 6 | Indiana University | US |
100 | 187 | 3 | University of Wrocław | PL |
101 | 185 | 5 | University of Hamburg | DE |
102 | 183 | 4 | University of Cologne | DE |
103 | 182 | 7 | Purdue University | US |
104 | 182 | 4 | University of Marburg | DE |
105 | 179 | 3 | Seoul National University | KR |
106 | 178 | 4 | Cairo University | EG |
107 | 177 | 4 | Dartmouth College | US |
108 | 175 | 2 | Technion – Israel Institute of Technology | IL |
109 | 170 | 4 | University of Graz | AT |
110 | 167 | 5 | Pennsylvania State University | US |
111 | 165 | 4 | University of Freiburg | DE |
112 | 165 | 4 | University of Kiel | DE |
113 | 165 | 4 | University of Belgrade | RS |
114 | 164 | 3 | University of Sydney | AU |
115 | 162 | 3 | Meiji University | JP |
116 | 162 | 2 | Linköping University | SE |
117 | 161 | 2 | Université libre de Bruxelles | BE |
118 | 159 | 6 | University of Basel | CH |
119 | 158 | 4 | University of Gothenburg | SE |
120 | 157 | 3 | University of Greifswald | DE |
121 | 156 | 5 | Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University | FR |
122 | 154 | 4 | Brigham Young University | US |
123 | 151 | 6 | Washington University in St. Louis | US |
124 | 151 | 3 | Linnaeus University | SE |
125 | 149 | 4 | University of Iowa | US |
126 | 148 | 3 | Nanjing University | CN |
127 | 146 | 3 | Ghent University | BE |
128 | 145 | 2 | Lviv University | UA |
129 | 144 | 3 | American University of Beirut | LB |
130 | 143 | 6 | University of Pittsburgh | US |
131 | 143 | 3 | George Washington University | US |
132 | 143 | 3 | University of Liverpool | UK |
133 | 142 | 2 | University of Groningen | NL |
134 | 139 | 3 | Aarhus University | DK |
135 | 138 | 3 | University of Florence | IT |
136 | 137 | 2 | University of Liège | BE |
137 | 136 | 3 | Technische Universität München | DE |
138 | 136 | 2 | National Autonomous University of Mexico | MX |
139 | 135 | 5 | University of Hawaii | US |
140 | 134 | 3 | Nihon University | JP |
141 | 133 | 3 | University of Paris-Sud | FR |
142 | 131 | 2 | Paris West University Nanterre La Défense | FR |
143 | 130 | 5 | University of California, San Diego | US |
144 | 129 | 4 | University of Melbourne | AU |
145 | 129 | 2 | University of Naples Federico II | IT |
146 | 128 | 2 | Istanbul Technical University | TR |
147 | 128 | 2 | Kansas State University | US |
148 | 125 | 3 | University of Lausanne | CH |
149 | 124 | 4 | University of British Columbia | CA |
150 | 124 | 3 | Goethe University Frankfurt | DE |
151 | 124 | 2 | Fudan University | CN |
152 | 123 | 3 | University of Pavia | IT |
153 | 123 | 2 | University of Erlangen-Nuremberg | DE |
154 | 123 | 2 | University of Tennessee | US |
155 | 122 | 2 | Istanbul University | TR |
156 | 119 | 2 | Yıldız Technical University | TR |
157 | 118 | 2 | Osaka University | JP |
158 | 117 | 2 | Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv | UA |
159 | 116 | 5 | University of Salamanca | ES |
160 | 116 | 3 | Shanghai Jiao Tong University | CN |
161 | 116 | 2 | Alexandria University | EG |
162 | 114 | 2 | University of Münster | DE |
163 | 114 | 2 | Chuo University | JP |
164 | 114 | 2 | Radboud University Nijmegen | NL |
165 | 114 | 2 | Middle East Technical University | TR |
166 | 112 | 4 | National University of Singapore | SG |
167 | 112 | 2 | Dresden University of Technology | DE |
168 | 111 | 3 | Tel Aviv University | IL |
169 | 111 | 2 | Takushoku University | JP |
170 | 110 | 4 | University of Birmingham | UK |
171 | 110 | 2 | Marmara University | TR |
172 | 110 | 2 | University of Malaya | MY |
173 | 106 | 4 | Syracuse University | US |
174 | 105 | 2 | Shiraz University | IR |
175 | 103 | 2 | National and Kapodistrian University of Athens | GR |
176 | 103 | 2 | VU University Amsterdam | NL |
177 | 103 | 2 | Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore | IT |
178 | 102 | 2 | Damascus University | SY |
179 | 102 | 2 | Umeå University | SE |
180 | 102 | 2 | Paris-Sorbonne University | FR |
181 | 100 | 4 | University of Latvia | LV |
182 | 100 | 3 | Complutense University of Madrid | ES |
183 | 100 | 2 | Weizmann Institute of Science | IL |
184 | 100 | 1 | Eötvös Loránd University | HU |
185 | 100 | 1 | Chulalongkorn University | TH |
186 | 100 | 1 | University of Tehran | IR |
187 | 100 | 1 | University of the West Indies | JM |
188 | 99 | 2 | Maastricht University | NL |
189 | 99 | 1 | Budapest University of Technology and Economics | HU |
190 | 99 | 1 | Korea University | KR |
191 | 99 | 1 | Aristotle University of Thessaloniki | GR |
192 | 99 | 1 | Thammasat University | TH |
193 | 99 | 1 | Nalanda University | IN |
194 | 98 | 2 | University of Barcelona | ES |
195 | 98 | 1 | University of Szeged | HU |
196 | 98 | 1 | University of São Paulo | BR |
197 | 98 | 1 | Yonsei University | KR |
198 | 98 | 1 | Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań | PL |
199 | 98 | 1 | Kasetsart University | TH |
200 | 98 | 1 | Ankara University | TR |
说明:Theta_PR=Theta PageRank score;Na=Number of appearances in the 24 Wikipediaeditions;CC= countrycode
(卞月妍整理编译。Sources:Wikipedia Ranking of World Universities, Wikipedia-Mining Algorithm Reveals World’sMost Influential Universities)
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