博文
AO 目前最新一期的摘要分析 Vol. 50, Iss. 16 — Jun. 1, 2011
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- Vol. 50, Iss. 16 — Jun. 1, 2011
- pp: 2322–2492
Optical Technology
Diffraction and Gratings
Effective schema for the rigorous modeling of grating diffraction with focused beams
- Applied Optics Vol. 50, Iss. 16, pp. 2474–2483 (2011)
- Joerg Bischoff and Werner Neundorf
Most modal diffraction methods are formulated for incident plane waves. In practical applications, the probing beam is focused. Usually, this is simulated by means of numerical integration where Gaussian quadrature formulas are most effective. These formulas require smooth integrands, which is not fulfilled for gratings due to Rayleigh singularities and physical resonances. The violation of this condition entails inaccurate integration results, such as kinks and other artifacts. In this paper, a methodology for the efficient treatment of the numerical integration with improved accuracy is presented. It is based on the subdivision of the aperture along the lines of Rayleigh singularities, mapping of these subapertures into unit squares, and separate application of the Gaussian cubature formulas for each subarea.
先说的一般的模型需要什么，再说由于破坏了公式的要求导致精度不能保证。才说，in this paper，一个xxx被提出，基于xxx
属于A1型即In this paper中置，新方法型，先说传统有什么问题，再说本文提出了xxx，达到xxx，解决xxx等内容。
Fiber Optics and Optical Communications
Dual-fiber collimator with elliptical spot for optical MEMS devices
- Applied Optics Vol. 50, Iss. 16, pp. 2334–2341 (2011)
- Zhanxi Huang, Yaming Wu, and Jing Xu
Fiber collimators are widely used in optical communication components and fiber-optic sensors. Ordinary fiber collimators are made with a circular beam waist radius from 100 μm to 300 μm. The circular beam waist is too large to switch or shut the beam for certain micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) actuators (such as MEMS linear mirrors). In this paper, a dual-fiber collimator with an elliptical spot is proposed to meet the demands of MEMS optical devices. The elliptical spot collimator has been designed and fabricated, the beam waist spot of which is an elliptical spot with a 231.6 μm long-axis radius and a 12.87 μm short-axis radius, and its coupling loss is 0.37 dB.
还是先说的一般系统里面的问题，然后，in this paper，一个xxx被提出可以满足需求，xxx被设计和制造，主要参数是什么，
还是A1型
Geometric Optics
Exact revision of the elliptically bent mirror theory
- Applied Optics Vol. 50, Iss. 16, pp. 2413–2417 (2011)
- Chengwen Mao, Xiaohan Yu, Tiqiao Xiao, Aiguo Li, Ke Yang, Hua Wang, Fen Yan, and Biao Deng
One of the main hurdles for nanometer focusing by a bending mirror lies in the theoretical surface errors by its approximations used for the traditional theory. The impacts of approximations and analytical corrections have been discussed, and the elliptically bent mirror theory has been described during exact mathematical analysis without any approximations. These approximations are harmful for the focusing system with bigger grazing angle, bigger mirror length, and bigger numerical aperture. The properties of equal-moment and single-moment bent mirrors have been described and discussed. Because of its obvious advantages, a single-moment bending mirror has high potential ability for nanometer focusing.
这个摘要写的。。。不参考
Instrumentation, Measurement, and Metrology 这个栏目是可以投的
Gradient polymer-disposed liquid crystal single layer of large nematic droplets for modulation of laser light
- Applied Optics Vol. 50, Iss. 16, pp. 2326–2333 (2011)
- Georgi B. Hadjichristov, Yordan G. Marinov, and Alexander G. Petrov
（In this paper）The light modulating ability of gradient polymer-disposed liquid crystal (PDLC) single layer of large droplets formed by nematic E7 in UV-cured polymer NOA65 is studied. Operating at relatively low voltages, such PDLC film with a of thickness 10–25 μm and droplet size up to 50 μm exhibits a good contrast ratio and is capable of producing a large phase shift for the propagating coherent light. For a linearly polarized He–Ne laser (λ=633 nm), an electrically commanded phase shift as large as π/2 can be obtained by the large-droplet region of the film. The electrically produced phase shift and its spatial profile controlled by the thickness of the gradient PDLC single layers of large nematic droplets can be useful for tunable spatial light modulators and other devices for active control of laser light.
这个摘要感觉是典型的相对基础的研究的摘要，xxxx被研究，然后说下实验条件，结果，结论，不适合我这个，我这个适合提出xxx的
B1型：In this paper前置型，开头就说了In this paper，xxx被研究，在xxx条件下，得到xxx结果，取得xxx结论。一般比较基础些的论文用比较合适。
Point diffraction interferometer with adjustable fringe contrast for testing spherical surface
- Applied Optics Vol. 50, Iss. 16, pp. 2342–2348 (2011)
- Daodang Wang, Yongying Yang, Chen Chen, and Yongmo Zhuo
（In this paper）A point diffraction interferometer (PDI) with adjustable fringe contrast is presented for the high-precision testing of spherical surfaces. The polarizing components are employed in the PDI to transform the polarization states of the test and reference beams, and a good fringe contrast can be realized by adjusting the relative intensities of interfering waves. The proposed system is compact and simple in structure, and it provides a feasible way for high-precision testing of spherical surfaces with low reflectivity. The theory of the interferometer is introduced in detail, along with the properties of optical components employed in the system, numerical analysis of systematic error, and the corresponding calibration procedure. Compared with the testing results of the ZYGO interferometer, a high accuracy with RMS value about 0.0025λ is achieved with the proposed interferometer. Finally, the error consideration in the experiment is discussed.
系统类的文章，开头就 in this paper，xxxxx被演示，达到xxx效果，提出的系统结构紧凑简单，提供其它更多的好处。讨论了详尽的理论和光学性质（可以学习这句）。做到比xxx的更高精度，误差也被讨论。
也属于B型但是是B2型：都是比较原创的工作，这个比较系统级的偏应用的工作。开篇In this paper，xxx被演示（注意是系统级的工作），用了xxx的原理，达到xxx效果。系统有xxx优点，文中理论讨论主要内容xxxx，相比于xxxx做到更好的性能。
Practical method to derive nonlinear response functions of cameras for scientific imaging
- Applied Optics Vol. 50, Iss. 16, pp. 2401–2407 (2011)
- Yoichiro Hanaoka, Isao Suzuki, and Takashi Sakurai
（In this paper）We developed a practical method to derive response functions that convert the amount of incident light to the counts of analog-to-digital conversion (A/D) of cameras for scientific imaging. In this method, we need a mechanism to accurately control the amount of incident light into cameras just within a limited dynamic range and at a limited number of steps. A variable brightness light source, which supplies the incident light into cameras, is also necessary, but we do not need to know its accurate brightness. Thus, this method enables us to derive the nonlinear response functions accurately with such a simple setup.
开篇In this paper的B3型：只不过是方法级的论文，我们开发了一种xxxx的方法，In this method，我们需要xxxx，xxxx，但不需要xxxx，所以这个方法有xxx好处。总的思路就是先说这个方法的效果，再说方法的好处。或者实现的要点。
Schwarzschild spectrometer
- Applied Optics Vol. 50, Iss. 16, pp. 2418–2424 (2011)
- M. Dolores Mouriz, Elena López Lago, Xesús Prieto-Blanco, Héctor González-Núñez, and Raúl de la Fuente
This （paper） is a proposal and description of a new spectrometer based on the Schwarzschild optical system. The proposed design contains two Schwarzschild optical systems. Light diverging from the spectrometer entrance slit is collimated by the first one; the collimated light beam hits a planar diffraction grating and the light dispersed from the grating is focused by the second system, which is concentric with the first. A very simple procedure obtains designs that are anastigmatic for the center of the slit and for a particular wavelength. A specific example shows the performance of this type of spectrometer.
可以归属为B2型，因为还是开头就in this paper了，不过是陈述句型的。先说本文是xxxx新型系统的（内容）。然后系统包含xx，原理和光路xxx，最后有个例子show下性能。
Bidirectional reflectance distribution function of Spectralon white reflectance standard illuminated by incoherent unpolarized and plane-polarized light
- Applied Optics Vol. 50, Iss. 16, pp. 2431–2442 (2011)
- Anak Bhandari, Børge Hamre, Øvynd Frette, Lu Zhao, Jakob J. Stamnes, and Morten Kildemo
A Lambert surface would appear equally bright from all observation directions regardless of the illumination direction. However, the reflection from a randomly scattering object generally has directional variation, which can be described in terms of the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). （In this paper）We measured the BRDF of a Spectralon white reflectance standard for incoherent illumination at 405 and 680 nm with unpolarized and plane-polarized light from different directions of incidence. Our measurements show deviations of the BRDF for the Spectralon white reflectance standard from that of a Lambertian reflector that depend both on the angle of incidence and the polarization states of the incident light and detected light. The non-Lambertian reflection characteristics were found to increase more toward the direction of specular reflection as the angle of incidence gets larger.
测量一个东西得到结论然后写的文章。偏基础。中置A1型。先陈述一些东西，再说我们做了啥，得到啥结论。
Integrated Optics
Maskless fabrication of three-dimensional microstructures with high isotropic resolution: practical and theoretical considerations
- Applied Optics Vol. 50, Iss. 16, pp. 2383–2390 (2011)
- Jun-Gyu Hur
（In this paper）A maskless three-dimensional (3D) microfabrication method based on a digital micromirror device (DMD) is proposed for high lateral and vertical resolution.（In this method） A substrate is scanned laterally under virtual masks of the DMD. The masks are allocated to a large number of virtual slices, all of which are projected in a single scan of the stage. A theoretical model for the cumulative dose distribution in a photoresist is derived and used to predict the resulting 3D profile. Experiments showed that the proposed method is promising for avoiding the stair-step problem and preventing misalignment errors.
开篇In this paper的B3型：新方法级的论文，我们开发了一种xxxx的方法，In this method，有xxx构成，xxx的理论模型建立了，讨论了，用来预测xxx。实验表明，xxxx方法达到啥性能。
Medical Optics and Biotechnology
Lightpipe device for delivery of uniform illumination for photodynamic therapy of the oral cavity
- Applied Optics Vol. 50, Iss. 16, pp. 2322–2325 (2011)
- Cristina Canavesi, William J. Cassarly, Thomas H. Foster, and Jannick P. Rolland
（In this paper）A compact and efficient lightpipe device to deliver light to the human oral cavity for photodynamic therapy was designed and fabricated, having dimensions 6.8 mm×6.8 mm×46 mm. An average irradiance of 76 mW/cm2 with an average deviation of 5% was measured on a square 25 mm2 treatment field for an input power of 100 mW. The device limits irradiation of healthy tissue and offers potential for improvement over the current treatment procedure, which requires shielding of the whole cavity to avoid damage to healthy tissue.
开篇In this paper的B3型：新器件级的论文，设计制造了xxx新东西，有啥性能两句话，有啥优点两句话。
Nonlinear Optics
Application of “parallel” moiré deflectometry and the single beam Z-scan technique in the measurement of the nonlinear refractive index
- Applied Optics Vol. 50, Iss. 16, pp. 2356–2360 (2011)
- Saifollah Rasouli, H. Ghasemi, M. T. Tavassoly, and H. R. Khalesifard
In this paper, the application of “parallel” moiré deflectometry in measuring the nonlinear refractive index of materials is reported. In “parallel” moiré deflectometry the grating vectors are parallel, and the resulting moiré fringes are also parallel to the grating lines. Compared to “rotational” moiré deflectometry and the Z-scan technique, which cannot easily determine the moiré fringe’s angle of rotation and is sensitive to power fluctuations, respectively, “parallel” moiré deflectometry is more reliable, which allows one to measure the radius of curvature of the light beam by measuring the moiré fringe spacing. The nonlinear refractive index of the sample, including the sense of the change, is obtained from the moiré fringe spacing curve. The method is applied for measuring the nonlinear refractive index of ferrofluids.
开篇In this paper的B3型：新方法级的论文，啥新方法，有啥特点，跟一般的xx、xx技术对比，有啥优点。可以应用在xxx
Optical Design and Fabrication
Self-organized 2D periodic arrays of nanostructures in silicon by nanosecond laser irradiation
- Applied Optics Vol. 50, Iss. 16, pp. 2349–2355 (2011)
- Barada K. Nayak, Keye Sun, Christian Rothenbach, and Mool C. Gupta
（In this paper）We report a phenomenon of spontaneous formation of self-organized 2D periodic arrays of nanostructures (protrusions) by directly exposing a silicon surface to multiple nanosecond laser pulses. These self-organized 2D periodic nanostructures are produced toward the edge as an annular region around the circular laser spot. The heights of these nanostructures are around 500 nm with tip diameter ~100 nm. The period of the nanostructures is about 1064 nm, the wavelength of the incident radiation. In the central region of the laser spot, nanostructures are destroyed because of the higher laser intensity (due to the Gaussian shape of the laser beam) and accumulation of large number of laser pulses. Optical diffraction from these nanostructures indicates a threefold symmetry, which is in accordance with the observed morphological symmetries of these nanostructures.
开篇In this paper的B3型：新方法级的论文，怎么做的，有啥性能，
Removal of single point diamond-turning marks by abrasive jet polishing
- Applied Optics Vol. 50, Iss. 16, pp. 2458–2463 (2011)
- Z. Z. Li, J. M. Wang, X. Q. Peng, L. T. Ho, Z. Q. Yin, S. Y. Li, and C. F. Cheung
Single point diamond turning (SPDT) is highly controllable and versatile in producing axially symmetric forms, non-axially-symmetric forms, microstructured surfaces, and free forms. However, the fine SPDT marks left in the surface limit its performance, and they are difficult to reduce or eliminate. It is unpractical for traditional methods to remove the fine marks without destroying their forms, especially for the aspheres and free forms. This paper introduces abrasive jet polishing (AJP) for the posttreatment of diamond-turned surfaces to remove the periodic microstructures. Samples of diamond-turned electroless nickel plated plano mirror were used in the experiments. One sample with an original surface roughness of more than 400 nm decreased to 4 nm after two iterations abrasive jet polishing; the surface roughness of another sample went from 3.7 nm to 1.4 nm after polishing. The periodic signatures on both of the samples were removed entirely after polishing. Contrastive experimental research was carried out on electroless nickel mirror with magnetorheological finishing, computer controlled optical surfacing, and AJP. The experimental results indicate that AJP is more appropriate in removing the periodic SPDT marks. Also, a figure maintaining experiment was carried out with the AJP process; the uniform polishing process shows that the AJP process can remove the periodic turning marks without destroying the original form.
A1型，只不过比较长，新方法级的论文。
Calculation and evaluation of narcissus for diffractive surfaces in infrared systems
- Applied Optics Vol. 50, Iss. 16, pp. 2484–2492 (2011)
- Tao Liu, Qingfeng Cui, Changxi Xue, and Liangliang Yang
In infrared optical systems, the narcissus effect for diffractive surfaces should be calculated with specific diffraction orders based on the diffraction efficiency. （In this paper）It is shown in this work that the diffraction order of maximum diffraction efficiency varies with the change of the incident angle and wavelength of the backward-traced narcissus flux. Meanwhile, yni, which is the paraxial evaluation criterion of narcissus intensity for a refractive surface, is modified considering diffraction when a ray passes through diffractive surfaces, and a practical example has been given. The analysis can be used to calculate and control the narcissus intensity in infrared optical systems with diffractive surfaces.
A1型，新方法级
Physical Optics
Concentric ring metal grating for generating radially polarized light
- Applied Optics Vol. 50, Iss. 16, pp. 2451–2457 (2011)
- Z. Ghadyani, I. Vartiainen, I. Harder, W. Iff, A. Berger, N. Lindlein, and M. Kuittinen
（In this paper）A subwavelength concentric ring metal grating for visible light (λ=632.8 nm) is designed and fabricated by electron-beam lithography to transform circularly polarized light into radially polarized light. Experimental results are compared to theoretical predictions and the advantages and disadvantages of the element with alternative methods are discussed.
B3新方法。
Vision, Color, and Visual Optics
Relationship between the size distribution of mineral pigments and color saturation
- Applied Optics Vol. 50, Iss. 16, pp. 2464–2473 (2011)
- Mady Elias
The saturation and the lightness of hematite layers are quantitatively related to the size distribution of the pigments, when applied on skin or a perfect white substrate. The optical properties, reflectance spectra, and colorimetric coordinates are calculated from the complex refractive index of hematite and by use of the radiative transfer equation. （In this paper）Monodisperse pigments are investigated first and the maximum of saturation is calculated as a function of the pigment radius. Polydisperse pigments are then investigated with a log-normal size distribution. The maximum of saturation is then calculated as a function of the width of the pigment distribution, for different mean radii. This modeling can be extended to any mineral pigments.
A2，中置的基础研究型，先介绍了下原理，再说本文做了哪些工作。可以用在哪里
Information Processing
Holography
Comparison of two-, three-, and four-exposure quadrature phase-shifting holography
- Applied Optics Vol. 50, Iss. 16, pp. 2443–2450 (2011)
- Jung-Ping Liu, Ting-Chung Poon, Gui-Syu Jhou, and Po-Jung Chen
In standard (four-exposure) quadrature phase-shifting holography (QPSH), two holograms and two intensity maps are acquired for zero-order-free and twin-image-free reconstruction. The measurement of the intensity map of the object light can be omitted in three-exposure QPSH. Furthermore, the measurements of the two intensity maps can be omitted in two-exposure QPSH, and the acquisition time of the overall holographic recording process is reduced. In this paper we examine the quality of the reconstructed images in two-, three-, and four-exposure QPSH, in simulations as well as in optical experiments. Various intensity ratios of the object light and the reference light are taken into account. Simulations show that two- and three-exposure QPSH can provide reconstructed images with quality comparable to that of four-exposure QPSH at a low intensity ratio. In practice the intensity ratio is limited by visibility, and thus four-exposure QPSH exhibits the best quality of the reconstructed image. The uniformity and the phase error of the reference light are also discussed. We found in most cases there is no significant difference between the reconstructed images in two- and three-exposure QPSH, and the quality of the reconstructed images is acceptable for visual applications such as the acquisition of three-dimensional scene for display or particle tracking.
A2基础研究型。
Image Processing
Fast-updating and nonrepeating Lissajous image reconstruction method for capturing increased dynamic information
- Applied Optics Vol. 50, Iss. 16, pp. 2376–2382 (2011)
- Christopher L. Hoy, Nicholas J. Durr, and Adela Ben-Yakar
（In this paper）We present a fast-updating Lissajous image reconstruction methodology that uses an increased image frame rate beyond the pattern repeat rate generally used in conventional Lissajous image reconstruction methods. The fast display rate provides increased dynamic information and reduced motion blur, as compared to conventional Lissajous reconstruction, at the cost of single-frame pixel density. Importantly, this method does not discard any information from the conventional Lissajous image reconstruction, and frames from the complete Lissajous pattern can be displayed simultaneously. We present the theoretical background for this image reconstruction methodology along with images and video taken using the algorithm in a custom-built miniaturized multiphoton microscopy system.
B3新方法，有理论有实验有对比。
Two-dimensional continuous wavelet transform for phase determination of complex interferograms
- Applied Optics Vol. 50, Iss. 16, pp. 2425–2430 (2011)
- Jun Ma, Zhaoyang Wang, Bing Pan, Thang Hoang, Minh Vo, and Long Luu
（In this paper）A robust two-dimensional continuous wavelet transform (2D-CWT) technique for interferogram analysis is presented. To cope with the phase determination ambiguity issue encountered in the analysis of complex interferograms, a phase determination rule is proposed according to the phase distribution continuity, and a frequency-guided scheme is employed to obtain the correct phase distribution following a conventional 2D-CWT analysis. The theories are given in details, and the validity of the proposed technique is verified by computer simulation and real experiments.
B3新方法，要达到xxx，需要分析xxx，有详细的理论和模拟
Optical Data Storage
Half-data-page insertion method for increasing recording density in angular multiplexing holographic memory
- Applied Optics Vol. 50, Iss. 16, pp. 2361–2369 (2011)
- Nobuhiro Kinoshita, Tetsuhiko Muroi, Norihiko Ishii, Koji Kamijo, Hiroshi Kikuchi, Naoki Shimidzu, and Osamu Matoba
（In this paper）We have developed a method to use a half-size data page between two full-size data pages to increase the recording density in angular multiplexing holographic memory up to 1.5× as much as the conventional angular multiplexing sequence. In our recording sequence, the full- and half-size data pages are alternately multiplexed. This is because each plane wave from various points in a data page has different angular selectivity. A half-size data page has higher angular selectivity than a full-size data page. The required angular intervals were estimated by numerical simulation taking holographic medium tilt into account. Also, an angular multiplexing experiment using the half-data-page insertion method resulted in a low bit error rate of the order of 10−3, which is sufficient for practical use.
B3新方法，这里有个this is because我想可以用在说明形成阴影的原因。
Lasers, Photonics, and Environmental Optics
Detectors
Tunable photonic bandgap in a one-dimensional superconducting-dielectric superlattice
- Applied Optics Vol. 50, Iss. 16, pp. 2370–2375 (2011)
- Chun-zao Li, Shao-bin Liu, Xiang-kun Kong, Bo-rui Bian, and Xue-yong Zhang
（In this paper）The transmittance of one-dimensional photonic crystals consisting of superconductor and lossless dielectric has been systematically studied through the transfer-matrix method. Obviously, the shift of the photonic bandgap (PBG) becomes more noticeable by adjusting the thicknesses of the dielectric layers than that of superconductor layers. Furthermore, the number of PBGs can be controlled by varying the thicknesses of dielectric layers. Compared to the thicknesses of the dielectric layers, the width of the PBGs is more sensitive to the thicknesses of the superconductor layers. However, the width of the first PBG promptly varies when the thicknesses of the dielectric layers increase from 0 to 40 nm. If the contribution of the normal conducting electrons of the superconductor is nonnegligible, the temperature of the superconductor has no influence on the width of the PBGs. Moreover, the damp coefficient does not affect the PBGs under low-temperature conditions.
B1基础研究型，说下结论
Integrated Optics
Measuring the dispersive properties of liquids using a microinterferometer
- Applied Optics Vol. 50, Iss. 16, pp. 2408–2412 (2011)
- Alvaro Casas Bedoya, Christelle Monat, Peter Domachuk, Christian Grillet, and Benjamin J. Eggleton
（In this paper）Using a single-beam, compact interferometer, we measure the refractive index of liquids in the near IR. This highly compact device relies on a silica capillary with a 50 μm inner diameter: it uses a minimal volume of test liquid, isolates the liquid from the humid atmosphere, has broadband operation, and is inherently mechanically stable. These characteristics, in combination with straightforward data acquisition, make it particularly well-suited for measuring the optical properties in the near IR of a wide range of liquids. Using this refractometer, we measure the refractive index of high-index liquids that are expected to be hydroscopic. The accuracy of the refractometer (±0.1%) is demonstrated through measuring the indices of air and pure water. We show that the hydroscopic behavior of the probed liquids has little influence on their optical properties in the near IR.
B2新系统型，都要写compact的系统，用来干吗，很好适应xxx的测量，精度±0.1%，很好
Lasers and Laser Optics
Driving plasmonic nanoantennas with triangular lasers and slot waveguides
- Applied Optics Vol. 50, Iss. 16, pp. 2391–2400 (2011)
- Haroldo T. Hattori, Ziyuan Li, and Danyu Liu
Plasmonic nanoantennas can generate high-intensity electric fields in a very small area. However, being passive devices, they need to be excited by external laser sources. The excitation of nanoantennas by semiconductor lasers can be inefficient and a significant amount of light may return back to the laser source after being scattered by the nanoantenna. In this paper, it is shown that the amount of light being returned to the semiconductor laser can be reduced by using dielectric slot waveguides. These waveguides can transport the incident light to the nanoantennas, but the amount of nondirectional back-scattered light is reduced after propagation through the slot waveguide.
A2基础研究，先说下原理，再说本文的工作内容和结论。
OK，看起来，AO这一期的风格可以分成两大类A和B，为了总结的系统一致性，我们归纳如下：
A和B的划分按照关键词 In this paper 所在位置。A为中置，B为前置，顺序按照1基础研究2新系统3新方法（器件）来做
A1----In this paper中置的基础研究型 4
A2----In this paper中置的新系统型 0
A3----In this paper中置的新方法（器件）型 4
B1----In this paper前置的基础研究型 2
B2----In this paper前置的新系统型 3
B3----In this paper前置的新方法（器件）型 9
看来B3是这一期的主力，我们就用这个风格写。再结合可以学习的绿色句子。
0.B3 In this paper前置的新方法
1.The theory of the interferometer is introduced in detail, along with the properties of optical components employed in the system, numerical analysis of systematic error, and the corresponding calibration procedure.
2.This is because
再看看这些B3型的摘要
（In this paper）We developed a practical method to derive response functions that convert the amount of incident light to the counts of analog-to-digital conversion (A/D) of cameras for scientific imaging. In this method, we need a mechanism to accurately control the amount of incident light into cameras just within a limited dynamic range and at a limited number of steps. A variable brightness light source, which supplies the incident light into cameras, is also necessary, but we do not need to know its accurate brightness. Thus, this method enables us to derive the nonlinear response functions accurately with such a simple setup.
（In this paper）A maskless three-dimensional (3D) microfabrication method based on a digital micromirror device (DMD) is proposed for high lateral and vertical resolution.（In this method） A substrate is scanned laterally under virtual masks of the DMD. The masks are allocated to a large number of virtual slices, all of which are projected in a single scan of the stage. A theoretical model for the cumulative dose distribution in a photoresist is derived and used to predict the resulting 3D profile. Experiments showed that the proposed method is promising for avoiding the stair-step problem and preventing misalignment errors.
（In this paper）A compact and efficient lightpipe device to deliver light to the human oral cavity for photodynamic therapy was designed and fabricated, having dimensions 6.8 mm×6.8 mm×46 mm. An average irradiance of 76 mW/cm2 with an average deviation of 5% was measured on a square 25 mm2 treatment field for an input power of 100 mW. The device limits irradiation of healthy tissue and offers potential for improvement over the current treatment procedure, which requires shielding of the whole cavity to avoid damage to healthy tissue.
In this paper, the application of “parallel” moiré deflectometry in measuring the nonlinear refractive index of materials is reported. In “parallel” moiré deflectometry the grating vectors are parallel, and the resulting moiré fringes are also parallel to the grating lines. Compared to “rotational” moiré deflectometry and the Z-scan technique, which cannot easily determine the moiré fringe’s angle of rotation and is sensitive to power fluctuations, respectively, “parallel” moiré deflectometry is more reliable, which allows one to measure the radius of curvature of the light beam by measuring the moiré fringe spacing. The nonlinear refractive index of the sample, including the sense of the change, is obtained from the moiré fringe spacing curve. The method is applied for measuring the nonlinear refractive index of ferrofluids.
（In this paper）We report a phenomenon of spontaneous formation of self-organized 2D periodic arrays of nanostructures (protrusions) by directly exposing a silicon surface to multiple nanosecond laser pulses. These self-organized 2D periodic nanostructures are produced toward the edge as an annular region around the circular laser spot. The heights of these nanostructures are around 500 nm with tip diameter ~100 nm. The period of the nanostructures is about 1064 nm, the wavelength of the incident radiation. In the central region of the laser spot, nanostructures are destroyed because of the higher laser intensity (due to the Gaussian shape of the laser beam) and accumulation of large number of laser pulses. Optical diffraction from these nanostructures indicates a threefold symmetry, which is in accordance with the observed morphological symmetries of these nanostructures.
（In this paper）A subwavelength concentric ring metal grating for visible light (λ=632.8 nm) is designed and fabricated by electron-beam lithography to transform circularly polarized light into radially polarized light. Experimental results are compared to theoretical predictions and the advantages and disadvantages of the element with alternative methods are discussed.
（In this paper）We present a fast-updating Lissajous image reconstruction methodology that uses an increased image frame rate beyond the pattern repeat rate generally used in conventional Lissajous image reconstruction methods. The fast display rate provides increased dynamic information and reduced motion blur, as compared to conventional Lissajous reconstruction, at the cost of single-frame pixel density. Importantly, this method does not discard any information from the conventional Lissajous image reconstruction, and frames from the complete Lissajous pattern can be displayed simultaneously. We present the theoretical background for this image reconstruction methodology along with images and video taken using the algorithm in a custom-built miniaturized multiphoton microscopy system.
（In this paper）A robust two-dimensional continuous wavelet transform (2D-CWT) technique for interferogram analysis is presented. To cope with the phase determination ambiguity issue encountered in the analysis of complex interferograms, a phase determination rule is proposed according to the phase distribution continuity, and a frequency-guided scheme is employed to obtain the correct phase distribution following a conventional 2D-CWT analysis. The theories are given in details, and the validity of the proposed technique is verified by computer simulation and real experiments.
（In this paper）We have developed a method to use a half-size data page between two full-size data pages to increase the recording density in angular multiplexing holographic memory up to 1.5× as much as the conventional angular multiplexing sequence. In our recording sequence, the full- and half-size data pages are alternately multiplexed. This is because each plane wave from various points in a data page has different angular selectivity. A half-size data page has higher angular selectivity than a full-size data page. The required angular intervals were estimated by numerical simulation taking holographic medium tilt into account. Also, an angular multiplexing experiment using the half-data-page insertion method resulted in a low bit error rate of the order of 10−3, which is sufficient for practical use.
还是用A3的好，因为我的题目比较小众，应该介绍下问题背景才好。
器件的一般用designed and fabricated而方法一般用method，我的是方法
A xxxx method based on xxx is proposed for xxx.
developed a method to use xxxx to do something
还是上面那个好。
https://m.sciencenet.cn/blog-408189-451530.html
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