量子力学中,Hellmann–Feynman定理是这样的, is a Hamiltonian operator depending upon a continuous parameter , is an eigen function of the Hamiltonian, depending implicitly upon , is the energy (eigenvalue) of t ...
对任意算子,包括波色子和费米子, = C + B = B + B 对费米子,下面的公式很有用, = {A, B}C - B {A, C} = A{B,C} -B{A,C} 四个算子的计算如下 = A D + AC + BD + C D 但是对于费米子 = A{B,C}D - AC{B,D} + {A,C}BD - C{A,B}D 当然这些结果都可以用wick定理来做 ...